Lavin B S
Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Division of Anti-Infectives, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0998, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Jan;21(1 Suppl):S32-5. doi: 10.1086/503171.
Before the development of the first antimicrobial agents, bacteria already had demonstrated an ability to adapt to stress in the environment, resulting in the development of resistance that often makes the prevailing antibiotic treatment ineffective. The response to antimicrobial resistance in the medical community has been to use new or alternative antibiotics not previously used against the resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has responded to the resistance problem by producing newer antibiotics, either as modifications of currently existing compounds or as combinations of compounds that may inhibit or bypass the bacterial resistance mechanisms. The development of new antibiotics is a lengthy and costly process. To be successful, the pharmaceutical industry must anticipate the changing needs of the medical community, as well as the dynamic process of antimicrobial resistance. The marketing of new antimicrobial agents must be adaptable to the potential environmental pressures that induce bacterial resistance in order to ensure the longevity of the agents.
在首批抗菌药物研发出来之前，细菌就已展现出适应环境压力的能力，从而产生耐药性，这常常导致当时盛行的抗生素治疗失效。医学界对抗菌药物耐药性的应对措施是使用此前未用于对抗耐药菌的新型或替代抗生素。制药行业通过生产更新型的抗生素来应对耐药性问题，这些新型抗生素或是现有化合物的改良版本，或是可能抑制或绕过细菌耐药机制的化合物组合。新抗生素的研发是一个漫长且成本高昂的过程。要取得成功，制药行业必须预见医学界不断变化的需求以及抗菌药物耐药性的动态变化过程。新型抗菌药物的推广必须适应可能引发细菌耐药性的潜在环境压力，以确保这些药物的长效性。
