Ezquerra F, Berrazueta M J, Ruiz-Capillas A, Arregui J S
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Sep;104(4):1143-50; discussion 1151-2.
The authors present a multidisciplinary approach to the gingival smile in which its three components are evaluated. These components are the dynamic component of the lip (repose versus smiling) and the two static elements of the gum and maxilla. Once an appropriate diagnosis has been made, the authors act on the gingiva for delayed passive eruption, on the maxilla for long face syndrome, and on the lip with lip-elongation techniques. When delayed passive eruption is associated with hyperfunction of the lip elevators, an intraoral approach with an incision at the level of the upper labial frenulum and dissection from the anterior nasal spine to the anterior maxillary fossae, in addition to gingival remodeling, is recommended to reduce gingival exposure.
作者提出了一种针对牙龈微笑的多学科方法，其中对其三个组成部分进行了评估。这些组成部分是嘴唇的动态部分（静止与微笑状态）以及牙龈和上颌骨的两个静态元素。一旦做出适当的诊断，作者就针对延迟性被动萌出对牙龈采取措施，针对长脸综合征对上颌骨采取措施，并使用唇部延长技术对嘴唇采取措施。当延迟性被动萌出与提唇肌功能亢进相关时，除了牙龈重塑外，建议采用在上唇系带水平进行切口并从前鼻棘到上颌前窝进行剥离的口内方法，以减少牙龈暴露。
