Stone D, David A, Bolognani F, Lowenstein P R, Castro M G
Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy Unit, Room 1.302, Stopford Building, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
J Endocrinol. 2000 Feb;164(2):103-18. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1640103.
The transfer of genetic material into endocrine cells and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo, has been identified as critical for the study of endocrine mechanisms and the future treatment of endocrine disorders. Classical methods of gene transfer, such as transfection, are inefficient and limited mainly to delivery into actively proliferating cells in vitro. The development of viral vector gene delivery systems is beginning to circumvent these initial setbacks. Several kinds of viruses, including retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, and herpes simplex virus, have been manipulated for use in gene transfer and gene therapy applications. As different viral vector systems have their own unique advantages and disadvantages, they each have applications for which they are best suited. This review will discuss viral vector systems that have been used for gene transfer into the endocrine system, and recent developments in viral vector technology that may improve their use for endocrine applications - chimeric vectors, viral vector targeting and transcriptional regulation of transgene expression.
无论是在体外还是体内，将遗传物质导入内分泌细胞和组织，已被确定为研究内分泌机制和未来治疗内分泌疾病的关键。传统的基因转移方法，如转染，效率低下，并且主要局限于体外导入活跃增殖的细胞。病毒载体基因递送系统的发展正开始克服这些最初的挫折。包括逆转录病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒和单纯疱疹病毒在内的几种病毒已被改造用于基因转移和基因治疗应用。由于不同的病毒载体系统有其自身独特的优点和缺点，它们各自都有最适合的应用。本综述将讨论已用于将基因导入内分泌系统的病毒载体系统，以及可能改善其在内分泌应用中的使用的病毒载体技术的最新进展——嵌合载体、病毒载体靶向和转基因表达的转录调控。
