De Smet A A, Best T M
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison 53792-3252, USA.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Feb;174(2):393-9. doi: 10.2214/ajr.174.2.1740393.
Although hamstring injuries are common in athletes, the distribution and location of such injuries have not been well defined. We used MR imaging to determine the frequency of injury by muscle, involvement of one or more muscles, and location of injuries within the musculotendinous unit.
We performed MR imaging on 15 consecutive college athletes with clinically diagnosed acute hamstring injuries. A hamstring injury was diagnosed and located on MR imaging by identifying high signal intensity within the muscle on T2-weighted images.
We found that 10 athletes had injuries of a single muscle with six injuries of the biceps femoris, three of the semitendinosus, and one of the semimembranosus. In an additional five athletes, we found primary injuries of the biceps femoris and secondary injuries of the semitendinosus. The injuries occurred in diverse locations within the muscles including five injuries at the proximal musculotendinous junction, two at the distal musculotendinous junction, four within the proximal half of the muscle belly, and four in the distal half. All eight intramuscular injuries were located at the musculotendinous junction within the muscle.
The biceps femoris is the most commonly injured hamstring muscle and the semitendinosus is the second most commonly injured. Although hamstring injuries often involve one muscle injured proximally, multiple muscles were involved in 33% of athletes (5/15) and the injuries were distal in 40% of athletes (6/15). All intramuscular injuries occurred at the musculotendinous junction, either at the ends of the muscle or within the muscle belly.
尽管腘绳肌损伤在运动员中很常见，但此类损伤的分布和位置尚未明确界定。我们使用磁共振成像（MR成像）来确定按肌肉划分的损伤频率、一块或多块肌肉的受累情况以及肌肉肌腱单元内损伤的位置。
我们对15名临床诊断为急性腘绳肌损伤的连续大学运动员进行了MR成像检查。通过在T2加权图像上识别肌肉内的高信号强度，在MR成像上诊断并定位腘绳肌损伤。
我们发现10名运动员有单块肌肉损伤，其中股二头肌损伤6例，半腱肌损伤3例，半膜肌损伤1例。在另外5名运动员中，我们发现股二头肌原发性损伤和半腱肌继发性损伤。损伤发生在肌肉内的不同位置，包括近端肌肉肌腱交界处5例损伤，远端肌肉肌腱交界处2例，肌腹近端一半内4例，远端一半内4例。所有8例肌内损伤均位于肌肉内的肌肉肌腱交界处。
股二头肌是最常受伤的腘绳肌，半腱肌是第二常受伤的。尽管腘绳肌损伤通常涉及近端一块肌肉受伤，但33%的运动员（五分之三）涉及多块肌肉，40%的运动员（五分之二）损伤在远端。所有肌内损伤均发生在肌肉肌腱交界处，要么在肌肉两端，要么在肌腹内。
