Bolla L R, Filley C M, Palmer R M
Division of Geriatrics, Center on Aging, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
Geriatrics. 2000 Jan;55(1):34-7, 41-2, 45-6.
The prevalence of dementia increases with age from 1% at age 60 to about 40% at age 85. Four types of dementia--Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia--account for 90% of all cases. The office-based physician can recognize these dementing illnesses in older patients by using existing consensus criteria. Differential diagnosis has an important bearing on patient management and prognosis, due to the potential value of treatment with some medications, possible drug toxicities in certain circumstances, and the complex care needs of patients and their families.
痴呆症的患病率随年龄增长而增加，从60岁时的1%增至85岁时的约40%。四种类型的痴呆症——阿尔茨海默病、弥漫性路易体痴呆、额颞叶痴呆和血管性痴呆——占所有病例的90%。门诊医生可以通过使用现有的共识标准来识别老年患者中的这些痴呆性疾病。鉴别诊断对患者管理和预后具有重要影响，这是因为某些药物治疗具有潜在价值、在某些情况下可能存在药物毒性以及患者及其家庭有复杂的护理需求。
