Wall E J
Sports Medicine Division, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2000 Mar;35(1):95-113.
Pediatric orthopedic problems often puzzle the primary health provider and worry families. A thorough orthopedic history and examination by the primary care provider is all that is necessary to determine whether a problem requires further evaluation and referral. This article addresses a practical approach to common orthopedic problems, assessment, and management strategies from the specialist perspective. A general description of developmental dysplasia of the hip, foot misalignments, tibial torsion, toe-walking, genu varum (bowlegs), growing pains, sprains and fractures, and the child with a limp is provided. Management strategies before and after orthopedic referral are presented.
小儿骨科问题常常困扰着基层医疗服务提供者，也让家庭忧心忡忡。基层医疗服务提供者进行全面的骨科病史询问和检查，对于确定问题是否需要进一步评估和转诊而言已经足够。本文从专科医生的角度探讨了常见骨科问题的实用处理方法、评估及管理策略。文中对发育性髋关节发育不良、足部畸形、胫骨扭转、踮足行走、膝内翻（弓形腿）、生长痛、扭伤和骨折以及跛行儿童进行了概述。还介绍了骨科转诊前后的管理策略。
