González R, De Sousa L, Devera R, Jorquera A, Ledezma E
Laboratorio de Vectores de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Oriente, Bolívar, Venezuela.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Jul-Aug;93(4):361-4. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90115-3.
In recent years, in addition to American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), a significant number of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) have been reported in periurban areas of Barcelona city (Anzoátegui State, Venezuela). We studied the bionomics of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) evansi and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) panamensis, possible vectors of AVL and ACL, respectively, in El Rincón, a periurban village of that city. To evaluate the seasonal domiciliary landing/biting activity of sandflies on human bait, a house was chosen in El Rincón. Landing catches were carried out between 18:00 and 06:00, once a month for a year. The results show the presence of 2 species, Lu. (Lu.) evansi (89.9%) and Lu. (Psy.) panamensis (10.1%). Lu. evansi was most abundant in the months of October and July, associated with the bimodal cycle of annual rainfall in the area. Maximum landing/biting activity of Lu. evansi was observed at 24:00 and 03:00. These findings suggest that at this time of the year and at these hours there is heightened risk of the transmission of AVL. Lu. panamensis monthly abundance also shows a direct association with rainfall and maximum landing/biting activity was observed between 02:00 and 03:00. The lower domiciliary abundance of Lu. panamensis suggests its greater importance in the extradomiciliary transmission of ACL.
近年来，除了美洲皮肤利什曼病（ACL）外，巴塞罗那市（委内瑞拉安索阿特吉州）的城郊地区还报告了大量美洲内脏利什曼病（AVL）病例。我们研究了埃万斯罗蛉和巴拿马罗蛉的生物学特性，它们分别可能是AVL和ACL的传播媒介，研究地点是该市城郊的一个村庄林孔。为了评估白蛉在人饵上的季节性室内着陆/叮咬活动，在林孔选择了一所房屋。着陆捕获在18:00至06:00之间进行，一年中每月进行一次。结果显示存在两种罗蛉，埃万斯罗蛉（89.9%）和巴拿马罗蛉（10.1%）。埃万斯罗蛉在10月和7月最为丰富，这与该地区年降雨的双峰周期有关。埃万斯罗蛉的最大着陆/叮咬活动在24:00和03:00观察到。这些发现表明，在一年中的这个时候和这些时间，AVL传播的风险会增加。巴拿马罗蛉的月丰度也与降雨呈直接相关，最大着陆/叮咬活动在02:00至03:00之间观察到。巴拿马罗蛉较低的室内丰度表明其在ACL室外传播中更为重要。
