Manton W I, Angle C R, Stanek K L, Reese Y R, Kuehnemann T J
Department of Geology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75083-0688, USA.
Environ Res. 2000 Jan;82(1):60-80. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1999.4003.
The concentrations and isotope ratios of lead in blood and urine, on the hands, and in duplicate diet samples were measured for children living in Omaha, Nebraska. One group consisted of 22 children followed from birth to between 1 and 2 years of age and another group was 20 2- to 4-year-old children followed for 1 year, although some in each group were followed for periods between 3 and 4 years. At no time in life was a component of dietary lead identified in blood by isotope ratios, and blood lead appears dominated by lead derived from the hands, which in turn appears derived from the floors. For some homes floor lead appeared to be a mixture of lead from window sills and from the exterior. Only 2 of the children appear to have ingested lead directly from window sills. Several who lived in homes being remodeled were exposed to lead before the age of 2 years. For those who had been briefly exposed during professional remodeling the blood lead fell with a half-life of 10 months but for those who had suffered prolonged exposure during remodeling by parents the apparent half-life was longer, between 20 and 38 months.
对居住在内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的儿童，测量了其血液、尿液、手部以及两份重复饮食样本中的铅浓度和同位素比率。一组由22名从出生到1至2岁的儿童组成，另一组是20名2至4岁的儿童，跟踪观察1年，尽管每组中有些儿童被跟踪观察了3至4年。在儿童生命中的任何时候，通过同位素比率在血液中均未鉴定出膳食铅成分，血铅似乎主要来源于手部，而手部的铅又似乎来源于地板。对于一些家庭而言，地板铅似乎是窗台铅和外部铅的混合物。只有2名儿童似乎直接从窗台摄入了铅。几个居住在正在翻新房屋中的儿童在2岁之前接触过铅。对于那些在专业翻新期间短暂接触铅的儿童，血铅以10个月的半衰期下降，但对于那些在父母翻新期间长期接触铅的儿童，表观半衰期更长，在20至38个月之间。
