Fernie K J, Bird D M, Dawson R D, Laguë P C
Avian Science and Conservation Centre, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
Physiol Biochem Zool. 2000 Jan-Feb;73(1):60-5. doi: 10.1086/316726.
Reduced reproductive success of birds nesting near power lines has been documented but never directly attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Laboratory studies have identified EMF effects on embryonic development, but reproductive success of wild birds is dependent on additional factors, including fertility, egg size, hatching, and fledging success. We tested whether EMFs affect reproductive success of birds. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were bred for one season per year for 2 yr under either controlled or EMF conditions. EMF exposure was equivalent to that experienced by wild reproducing kestrels and was weakly associated with reduced egg laying in 1 yr only. In both years fertility was higher, but hatching success was lower in EMF pairs than control pairs. Fledging success was higher in EMF pairs than control pairs in 1995 only. Egg composition and embryonic development were examined in 1 yr only, but hatchlings were measured in both years. EMF eggs were larger, with more yolk, albumen, and water, but had thinner egg shells than control eggs. Late-term EMF embryos were larger and longer than control embryos, although hatchlings were similar in body mass and size. EMF exposure affected reproductive success of kestrels, increasing fertility, egg size, embryonic development, and fledging success but reducing hatching success.
已有文献记载，在电线附近筑巢的鸟类繁殖成功率降低，但从未直接归因于电磁场（EMF）。实验室研究已确定电磁场对胚胎发育有影响，但野生鸟类的繁殖成功率还取决于其他因素，包括生育力、卵的大小、孵化和出飞成功率。我们测试了电磁场是否会影响鸟类的繁殖成功率。在受控条件或电磁场条件下，将圈养的美洲红隼（Falco sparverius）每年繁殖一季，持续2年。电磁场暴露水平与野生繁殖红隼所经历的相当，且仅在1年中与产卵量减少存在微弱关联。在这两年中，电磁场组的生育力都较高，但孵化成功率低于对照组。仅在1995年，电磁场组的出飞成功率高于对照组。仅在1年中检查了卵的成分和胚胎发育情况，但在两年中都对雏鸟进行了测量。电磁场组的卵更大，卵黄、蛋白和水分更多，但蛋壳比对照组的薄。虽然雏鸟的体重和大小相似，但晚期电磁场组胚胎比对照组胚胎更大、更长。电磁场暴露影响了红隼的繁殖成功率，提高了生育力、卵的大小、胚胎发育和出飞成功率，但降低了孵化成功率。
