Tibayrenc M
Centre d'Etudes sur le Polymorphisme des Microorganismes (CEPM), Centre IRD de Montpellier, France.
Annu Rev Genet. 1999;33:449-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.449.
Due to the increase of human migrations, the appearance of emerging and reemerging endemies, growing antibiotic resistance, and climatic changes, infectious diseases most probably constitute the major challenge for medicine in the next century. The advent of molecular methods of pathogen characterization has considerably improved our knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases. However, the use of concepts of evolutionary genetics for interpreting "molecular epidemiology" data remains limited, although the application of such methods would broaden considerably the scope of this field of research, and allow epidemiologic and taxonomic approaches to be ascertained on a much firmer basis. In turn, pathogens, hosts, and vectors provide fascinating models for basic research. The artificial character of the border between "basic" and "applied" research is especially apparent with regard to the "integrated genetic epidemiology of infectious diseases" concept. The goal of this chapter is to evaluate the respective impact, on the transmission and pathogenicity of infectious diseases, of the host's, the pathogen's, and the vector's (for vector-borne diseases) genetic diversity, and the interactions between these three parameters (coevolution phenomena).
由于人类迁徙增加、新出现和再次出现的地方性疾病出现、抗生素耐药性不断增强以及气候变化，传染病很可能构成下个世纪医学面临的主要挑战。病原体特征分子方法的出现极大地增进了我们对这些疾病流行病学的了解。然而，尽管应用进化遗传学方法将大大拓宽该研究领域的范围，并使流行病学和分类学方法建立在更坚实的基础上，但利用进化遗传学概念来解释“分子流行病学”数据的情况仍然有限。反过来，病原体、宿主和媒介为基础研究提供了引人入胜的模型。“基础”研究与“应用”研究之间界限的人为性质在“传染病综合遗传流行病学”概念方面尤为明显。本章的目的是评估宿主、病原体以及（对于媒介传播疾病而言的）媒介的遗传多样性，以及这三个参数之间的相互作用（共同进化现象）对传染病传播和致病性的各自影响。
