Raccurt C P
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1999 Dec;92(5):355-9.
Wuchereria bancrofti and Mansonella ozzardi are both endemic in Haiti. Over the last hundred years, these human parasites have been by turn investigated and disregarded. Between 1894 and 1914, Haitian physicians encouraged by Dr. Léon AUDAIN studied the clinical and biological impact of W. bancrofti in the numerous infested patients in Port-au-Prince. During the American occupation (1915-1934), the presence of M. ozzardi was recognized by a Rockefeller mission and a first investigation of filariasis distribution in the country was carried out. Between 1935 and 1971, interest in the parasites ceased. However, many studies of W. bancrofti and M. ozzardi and their vectors have been conducted from 1972 until today. Lymphatic filariasis remains a great health hazard in localized leeward foci, where climatic conditions favourise the survival of the vector Culex quinque-fasciatus. Urban foci have been remarkably stable for the last 70 years in northern Haiti and along the Gulf of the Gonâve coast. Parasitological indices are high and the impact on public health is great. Ozzardiasis is prevalent in the rural coastal areas of northern and southern Haiti, where the principal vectors Culicoides furens and C. barbosai breed in abundance. The control of lymphatic filariasis is now possible and should be a public health priority in Haiti.
班氏吴策线虫和奥氏曼森线虫在海地均为地方病。在过去的一百年里，这些人体寄生虫时而受到研究，时而被忽视。1894年至1914年间，在莱昂·奥丹医生的鼓励下，海地医生对太子港众多感染班氏吴策线虫的患者的临床和生物学影响进行了研究。在美国占领期间（1915 - 1934年），洛克菲勒考察团确认了奥氏曼森线虫的存在，并首次对该国的丝虫病分布进行了调查。1935年至1971年间，对这些寄生虫的研究兴趣不再。然而，自1972年至今，已经开展了许多关于班氏吴策线虫和奥氏曼森线虫及其传播媒介的研究。在局部背风地区，淋巴丝虫病仍然是严重的健康威胁，那里的气候条件有利于传播媒介致倦库蚊的生存。在海地北部和戈纳夫湾沿岸，城市疫源地在过去70年里一直非常稳定。寄生虫学指标很高，对公共卫生的影响很大。奥氏曼森线虫病在海地北部和南部的农村沿海地区流行，主要传播媒介糠库蠓和巴氏库蠓在那里大量繁殖。现在有可能控制淋巴丝虫病，这应该成为海地公共卫生的优先事项。
