Gunter T C, Jackson J L, Kutas M, Mulder G, Buijink B M
Institute for Experimental and Occupational Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychophysiology. 1994 Jul;31(4):347-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02443.x.
In a series of two experiments, subjects read sentences wherein words were flanked in the lower visual field by irrelevant words (i.e., flankers). The visual angle between the words in the sentence and the flanker words was manipulated (i.e., 0.57 degrees, 0.97 degrees, 1.37 degrees). Sentence endings were either congruent or incongruent; incongruent endings elicited a large N400 component. Flanker effects were observed for sentence final words on electrophysiological measures during the reading task and on subsequent recognition memory performance for sentence final and new words. For both measures, the flanker effect interacted with the congruency of the sentence ending as well as the visual angle between the sentence final word and its flanker. The largest and earliest flanker effects were observed for congruent endings at the smallest visual angle (0.57 degrees); congruent endings and flankers in intermediate visual angle (0.97 degrees) conditions displayed a similar flanker-related negativity but with a longer onset latency (490 vs. 280 ms). Congruent endings and their flankers in the largest visual angle (1.57 degrees) conditions revealed no flanker effect.
在一系列的两个实验中，受试者阅读句子，其中句子中的单词在下部视野中被无关单词（即侧翼词）包围。句子中的单词与侧翼词之间的视角被操纵（即0.57度、0.97度、1.37度）。句子结尾要么是一致的，要么是不一致的；不一致的结尾会引发一个大的N400成分。在阅读任务期间的电生理测量以及随后对句子结尾单词和新单词的识别记忆表现中，观察到了句子结尾单词的侧翼效应。对于这两种测量方法，侧翼效应与句子结尾的一致性以及句子结尾单词与其侧翼词之间的视角相互作用。在最小视角（0.57度）下，一致结尾观察到最大且最早的侧翼效应；中等视角（0.97度）条件下的一致结尾和侧翼词显示出类似的与侧翼相关的负波，但起始潜伏期更长（490毫秒对280毫秒）。最大视角（1.57度）条件下的一致结尾及其侧翼词未显示出侧翼效应。
