Connolly J F, Phillips N A, Forbes K A
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995 Apr;94(4):276-87. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(95)98479-r.
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to terminal words of visually presented sentences that were identical to those used in an auditory modality study examining the effects of phonological and semantic characteristics of words on ERPs (Connolly and Phillips, 1994). Phonological and/or semantic characteristics of terminal words were manipulated in 4 conditions in which: (1) the terminal word was the highest cloze probability ending for the sentence and was thus phonologically and semantically appropriate to the sentence context (e.g., Ray fell down and skinned his knee(s).; (2) the terminal word had the initial phonemic sound of the highest cloze probability sentence-ending word but was semantically anomalous to the context of the sentence (e.g., They sat together without saying a single worm. [word]); (3) the initial phoneme of the terminal word was phonologically unexpected but the word was semantically correct (e.g., The dough was put in the hot pan. [oven]); or (4) the initial phoneme of the terminal word was phonologically unexpected and the word was semantically inappropriate to the sentence context (e.g., Bill jumped into the lake and made a big farm. [splash]). A left fronto-temporally distributed negative peak was observed in the 250-300 msec range to varying degrees in all conditions but was largest in the condition in which terminal words were both phonologically unexpected and semantically inappropriate. A second, parietally distributed, symmetrical negativity (the N400) was found which peaked around 365 msec and was largest in the two conditions involving semantically anomalous terminal words. Results are discussed in terms of modality factors in ERP manifestations of receptive language functions and the implications of ERP modality differences for theories of word recognition.
记录与事件相关的脑电位（ERPs），针对视觉呈现句子的结尾词，这些句子与一项听觉模态研究中使用的句子相同，该听觉模态研究考察了单词的语音和语义特征对ERPs的影响（康诺利和菲利普斯，1994）。在四种条件下对结尾词的语音和/或语义特征进行了操纵，其中：（1）结尾词是句子中填空概率最高的结尾，因此在语音和语义上与句子上下文相符（例如，雷摔倒了，膝盖擦破了皮。）；（2）结尾词具有填空概率最高的句子结尾词的初始音素，但在语义上与句子上下文不符（例如，他们坐在一起，一句话也没说。[单词]）；（3）结尾词的初始音素在语音上出乎意料，但单词在语义上是正确的（例如，面团被放进热平底锅里。[烤箱]）；或者（4）结尾词的初始音素在语音上出乎意料，并且单词在语义上与句子上下文不符（例如，比尔跳进湖里，建了一个大农场。[溅起水花]）。在所有条件下，在250 - 300毫秒范围内都不同程度地观察到一个左额颞叶分布的负峰，但在结尾词在语音上出乎意料且语义上不合适的条件下最大。还发现了第二个顶叶分布的对称负波（N400），其峰值约为365毫秒，在涉及语义异常结尾词的两种条件下最大。从接受性语言功能的ERPs表现中的模态因素以及ERPs模态差异对单词识别理论的影响方面对结果进行了讨论。
