Ewert J P, Arend B, Becker V, Borchers H W
Brain Behav Evol. 1979;16(1):38-51. doi: 10.1159/000121822.
Toads (Bufo bufo) are able to distinguish small stripes with axis orientation in the direction of motion (worm-like stripes) from those with axis orientation perpendicular to the direction of motion (anti-worm-like stripes). The configurational discrimination ability of the toad is, thus far investigated, largely invariant for (1) movement direction in the x-y plane, (2) direction of contrast--stripe against background--and (3) velocity of stripe motion.