Nutritional factors in osteoporosis.

Nutritional factors are important but correctable factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The rate of bone loss in the elderly can be reduced and the peak bone mass in the young can possibly be increased by dietary manipulation, thereby reducing the risk of fracture. Dietary manipulation likely to be of benefit are increased calcium intake, increased vitamin D intake, moderate reduction in intake of salt protein, caffeine and phosphate and increased intake of potassium and magnesium. The possible mechanisms by which these dietary factors influence bone metabolism are discussed.