Narayanasamy A
Transcultural Health Care, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Nurse Educ Today. 1999 Jul;19(5):386-95. doi: 10.1054/nedt.1999.0325.
The purpose of this article is to bring to focus an historical perspective to the subject of spirituality in nurse education. In doing so, the historical roots of spirituality in nursing are traced and commented. Whilst acknowledging the emerging perspectives on spirituality (Simsen 1986, Burnard 1986, 1987, Narayanasamy 1991, 1993, Harrison 1993, Bradshaw 1994, Ross 1995, Oldnall 1996, McSherry & Draper 1998) this paper attempts to address its historical dimension, which is presently lacking in the nursing literature. In order to address this historical gap in spirituality, this paper begins by looking at the spiritual influences of nursing in ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, Palestine, India, Greece and Rome and then examines the influence of Christianity. After this, the spiritual dimension of nursing is portrayed as it was in the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries. Finally, the emerging nursing theories and their positions on spirituality (including those of humanists) are reviewed and commented. It is hoped that this paper, through a brief review of events, has begun to highlight the significance of the precursor to spirituality in nursing from an historical perspective. It is concluded that contemporary literature suggests there is scope for development of educational programmes to better equip nurses to meet patients' spiritual needs.
本文旨在聚焦于护士教育中灵性主题的历史视角。在此过程中，追溯并评述了护理中灵性的历史根源。在承认关于灵性的新观点（西姆森，1986年；伯纳，1986年、1987年；纳拉亚纳萨米，1991年、1993年；哈里森，1993年；布拉德肖，1994年；罗斯，1995年；奥尔德纳尔，1996年；麦克谢里和德雷珀，1998年）的同时，本文试图探讨其历史维度，而这在护理文献中目前尚付阙如。为了填补灵性方面的这一历史空白，本文首先考察古代文明如埃及、美索不达米亚、中国、巴勒斯坦、印度、希腊和罗马中护理的精神影响，然后审视基督教的影响。在此之后，描绘中世纪、文艺复兴时期、18世纪和19世纪护理的精神维度。最后，对新兴的护理理论及其在灵性方面的立场（包括人文主义者的立场）进行回顾和评述。希望本文通过对这些事件的简要回顾，已开始从历史角度凸显护理中灵性先驱的重要性。结论是，当代文献表明，有发展教育项目的空间，以便更好地使护士有能力满足患者的精神需求。
