Lee Y H, Jiang M S
Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, ROC.
Appl Ergon. 1999 Dec;30(6):487-93. doi: 10.1016/s0003-6870(99)00011-3.
This paper describes the results of an investigation of the differences in performance, postures, strains on hand-arm-shoulder musculature, and subjective ratings of three pipettes (models A, B, and C). Both models A and B were pipettes available on the market. Model C was developed for this study of an ergonomically designed pipette. The gripping posture of the three models was distinct both in the anatomical and in the functional sense. Working with models A and B required a four-finger grasp with a thumb operated plunger. Model C required a finger-palmar power grip and the plunger was operated by the fingers. Performance evaluation of the different pipettes in different tasks indicated that using the proposed model C resulted in a 2-3% lower fault rate, a 10% shorter completion time, and the highest subjective ratings among the three. Postural analysis results indicated that when using model C, the shoulder was the least abducted, the wrist was the least extended, and the wrist was the least radially extended. Model C appeared to provide the greatest opportunity for delicate adjustments of posture in response to the activity of the skin receptors and reduced the strains on the upper body musculature, justifying the ergonomic input into the design.
本文描述了一项关于三种移液器（A、B和C型号）在性能、姿势、手臂-肩部肌肉组织的应变以及主观评分方面差异的调查结果。A和B型号都是市场上现有的移液器。C型号是为这项研究开发的一款符合人体工程学设计的移液器。这三种型号在解剖学和功能意义上的握持姿势都有所不同。使用A和B型号需要用四指握住并用拇指操作活塞。C型号需要手指-手掌强力握持，活塞由手指操作。对不同移液器在不同任务中的性能评估表明，使用所提出的C型号时，故障率降低了2%-3%，完成时间缩短了10%，并且在三者中主观评分最高。姿势分析结果表明，使用C型号时，肩部外展最小，手腕伸展最小，手腕向桡侧伸展最小。C型号似乎为根据皮肤感受器的活动进行精细的姿势调整提供了最大机会，并减少了上身肌肉组织的应变，证明了在设计中进行人体工程学投入的合理性。
