Lodi A, Mancini L L, Ambonati M, Coassini A, Ravanelli G, Crosti C
Clinica Dermatologica IV, Ospedale San Paolo, via A. Di Rudini' 8, 20142 Milano, Italy.
Eur J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;10(2):128-32.
Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is a very important skin disease both for its high frequency and for its social and economic implications. The aim of our work is to evaluate the epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis in a north-Italian population and the possibility of a correct etiological diagnosis using the patch test standard series of GIRDCA (Italian Group of Resarch on Contact Dermatitis). We patch tested 1,565 out-patients affected by dermatitis with standard series GIRDCA and with other specific professional haptens. The manifestations were suspected of being of occupational origin by a dermatologist on the basis of clinical and anamnestic data. Of all the recorded professions we have considered only the more numerically significant: food industry, building industry, textile industry, employees, cleaners, hospital personnel, hairdressers, housewives, mechanics and metallurgists. Sixty-nine percent of contact dermatitis was found in women, the hairdressers had the greatest number of patients in the younger group (68.7% in the 11-20 years age group) and the textile industry workers in older group (100% in the 41-50 years age group). A positive allergological anamnesis emerged in 32.3% of allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis (10.6%) was more frequent than allergic contact dermatitis (8.4%). The hands are the most common localization (94. 4%). The allergen with the highest frequency of positive reactions is p-phenylenediamine (25.3%). We discuss the frequency of positives to various groups of allergens in each profession and the principal means of contact. Because of the frequency of this type of occupational skin disease, we stress the importance of prevention. The standard series GIRDCA was found to be adequate for recognizing occupational contact dermatitis in most of our patients (74%).
职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）是一种非常重要的皮肤病，因其发病率高以及具有社会和经济影响。我们这项工作的目的是评估意大利北部人群中职业性接触性皮炎的流行病学情况，以及使用意大利接触性皮炎研究小组（GIRDCA）的斑贴试验标准系列进行正确病因诊断的可能性。我们用GIRDCA标准系列和其他特定的职业性半抗原对1565名皮炎门诊患者进行了斑贴试验。这些临床表现是皮肤科医生根据临床和既往史数据怀疑为职业性病因的。在所有记录的职业中，我们只考虑了数量上更具代表性的职业：食品工业、建筑工业、纺织工业、雇员、清洁工、医院工作人员、美发师、家庭主妇、机械师和冶金学家。69%的接触性皮炎患者为女性，美发师在较年轻组中的患者数量最多（11 - 20岁年龄组中占68.7%），而纺织工业工人在较年长组中的患者数量最多（41 - 50岁年龄组中占100%）。32.3%的过敏性接触性皮炎患者有阳性变应性病史。刺激性接触性皮炎（10.6%）比过敏性接触性皮炎（8.4%）更常见。手部是最常见的发病部位（94.4%）。阳性反应频率最高的变应原是对苯二胺（25.3%）。我们讨论了各职业中不同变应原组阳性反应的频率以及主要的接触途径。鉴于这类职业性皮肤病的发病率，我们强调预防的重要性。发现GIRDCA标准系列足以识别我们大多数患者（74%）的职业性接触性皮炎。
