Rabbani F, Cordon-Cardo C
Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2000 Feb;27(1):83-102, ix. doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70237-8.
Early cytogenetic studies in bladder cancer identify regions of chromosomal gain or loss that can be candidate loci for oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes with potential prognostic significance identified in bladder cancer the RAS family, epidermal growth factor receptor, ERBB-2, MDM2, and cyclin D1. The TP53 gene has been the most thoroughly characterized tumor suppressor gene in bladder cancer, with correlation of TP53 alterations with type of carcinogenic exposure, tumor stage and grade, as well as prognosis. Studies evaluating alterations of the retinoblastoma pathway have identified the retinoblastoma gene, RB, p161NK4A/CDKN2, and E2F-1 as tumor suppressor genes with potential prognostic significance in patients with bladder cancer. Better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying bladder tumor development and progression will allow better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
早期对膀胱癌的细胞遗传学研究确定了染色体增减区域，这些区域可能是癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的候选位点。在膀胱癌中鉴定出具有潜在预后意义的癌基因有RAS家族、表皮生长因子受体、ERBB - 2、MDM2和细胞周期蛋白D1。TP53基因是膀胱癌中研究最透彻的肿瘤抑制基因，TP53改变与致癌暴露类型、肿瘤分期和分级以及预后相关。评估视网膜母细胞瘤通路改变的研究已确定视网膜母细胞瘤基因、RB、p161NK4A/CDKN2和E2F - 1为对膀胱癌患者具有潜在预后意义的肿瘤抑制基因。更好地了解膀胱肿瘤发生和进展的遗传机制将有助于制定更好的预防、诊断和治疗策略。
