Martinez M J, Bray M P, Huggins J W
Pathology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000 Mar;124(3):362-77. doi: 10.5858/2000-124-0362-AMMOAT.
To determine the morphologic changes and disease progression of aerosolized cowpox virus infection in BALB/c mice and to ascertain the suitability of cowpox virus-infected BALB/c mice as a model of aerosol-transmitted, orthopoxviral respiratory disease.
BALB/c mice were inoculated with cowpox virus, Brighton strain, by aerosol or intranasal route. Mice were killed at specified times after inoculation, necropsied, and tissues were collected for routine histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.
Inoculation by both routes resulted in disease and death. Immunolabeled viral antigen and lesions predominated in the tissues associated with the inoculation route, that is, lungs, airways, trachea, and nasal passages and sinuses. Tracheitis was evident in the intranasally infected group only. Lesions were generally necrotizing and hemorrhagic, neutrophilic, and increased in extent and severity in a time-dependent fashion. Viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, immunolabeled viral antigen, or virions were readily seen in epithelial tissues, smooth muscle cells of airways and vessels, fibroblasts, periosteal cells, perineural cells, and macrophages. Although the extension of infection appeared to be primarily direct, lesions suggesting hematogenous dissemination were occasionally noted in bone marrow and skin. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated features of cell injury or death, virion assembly and maturation, and both A-type and B-type inclusions.
Aerosol inoculation of BALB/c mice with cowpox virus provides a reliable and facilitative model of aerosol-transmitted, orthopoxviral respiratory disease.
确定BALB/c小鼠经气溶胶感染牛痘病毒后的形态学变化和疾病进展，并确定感染牛痘病毒的BALB/c小鼠作为气溶胶传播的正痘病毒呼吸道疾病模型的适用性。
通过气溶胶或鼻内途径用牛痘病毒布莱顿株接种BALB/c小鼠。在接种后的特定时间处死小鼠，进行尸检，并收集组织用于常规组织学、免疫组织化学和电子显微镜检查。
两种途径接种均导致疾病和死亡。免疫标记的病毒抗原和病变主要出现在与接种途径相关的组织中，即肺、气道、气管、鼻道和鼻窦。仅在鼻内感染组中可见明显的气管炎。病变通常为坏死性和出血性，以中性粒细胞为主，并随时间呈依赖性地在范围和严重程度上增加。在上皮组织、气道和血管的平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞、骨膜细胞、神经周细胞和巨噬细胞中很容易看到病毒胞质内包涵体、免疫标记的病毒抗原或病毒粒子。虽然感染的扩展似乎主要是直接的，但偶尔在骨髓和皮肤中也会发现提示血行播散的病变。透射电子显微镜显示了细胞损伤或死亡、病毒粒子组装和成熟以及A型和B型包涵体的特征。
用牛痘病毒气溶胶接种BALB/c小鼠可提供一种可靠且便捷的气溶胶传播的正痘病毒呼吸道疾病模型。
