Thermophoretic Motion of a Sphere Parallel to an Insulated Plane.

An analytical study is presented for the thermophoresis of a sphere in a constant applied temperature gradient parallel to an adiabatic plane. The Knudsen number is assumed to be small so that the fluid flow can be described by a continuum model with a thermal creep and a hydrodynamic slip at the particle surface. A method of reflections is used to obtain the asymptotic formulas for the temperature and velocity fields in the quasisteady situation. The thermal insulated plane may be a solid wall (no-slip) and/or a free surface (perfect-slip). The boundary effect on the thermophoretic motion is found to be weaker than that on the axisymmetric thermophoresis of a sphere normal to a plane with constant temperature. In comparison with the motion driven by gravitational force, the interaction between the particle and the boundary is less significant under thermophoresis. Even so, the interaction between the plane and the particle can be very strong when the gap thickness approaches zero. For the thermophoretic motion of a particle parallel to a solid plane, the effect of the plane surface is to reduce the translational velocity of the particle. In the case of particle migration parallel to a free surface due to thermophoresis, the translating velocity of a particle can be either greater or smaller than that which would exist in the absence of the plane surface, depending on the relative thermal conductivity and the surface properties of the particle and its relative distance from the plane. Not only the translational velocity but also the rotational velocity of the thermophoretic sphere near the plane boundary is formulated analytically. The rotating direction of the particle is strongly dominated by its surface properties and the internal-to-external thermal conductivity. Besides the particle motion, the thickness of the thermophoretic boundary layer is evaluated by considering the thermophoretic mobility. Generally speaking, a free surface exerts less influence on the particle movement than a solid wall. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.