Deicken R F, Johnson C, Pegues M
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
Rev Neurosci. 2000;11(2-3):147-58. doi: 10.1515/revneuro.2000.11.2-3.147.
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been utilized by neuroimaging laboratories in recent years to reliably measure compounds such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and to a lesser extent glutamate and glutamine in the human brain. To date, the most consistently replicated findings in schizophrenia are reduced NAA measures in the hippocampal regions. Since NAA is thought to be a neuronal/axonal marker and a measure of neuronal/axonal integrity, hippocampal NAA reductions have been interpreted as strong evidence for neuronal/axonal loss or dysfunction in this brain region. The evidence for neuronal loss or dysfunction based on NAA is less consistent for the frontal cortex and white matter, temporal cortex, basal ganglia, cingulate region, and thalamus in schizophrenia. Furthermore, there are no consistently replicated findings for choline or creatine alterations in any of the brain regions examined in schizophrenia. Finally, significant technical difficulties make reliable measurement of glutamine and glutamate problematic at the present time.
近年来，神经影像实验室已利用活体质子磁共振波谱（1H MRS）来可靠地测量人脑中的化合物，如N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）、肌酸（Cr），以及在较小程度上测量谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺。迄今为止，精神分裂症中最一致的重复研究结果是海马区NAA测量值降低。由于NAA被认为是一种神经元/轴突标记物，也是神经元/轴突完整性的一种度量，海马区NAA降低被解释为该脑区神经元/轴突丢失或功能障碍的有力证据。基于NAA的神经元丢失或功能障碍的证据在精神分裂症的额叶皮质、白质、颞叶皮质、基底神经节、扣带回区域和丘脑方面不太一致。此外，在精神分裂症所检查的任何脑区中，胆碱或肌酸改变均没有一致的重复研究结果。最后，目前重大的技术难题使得谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的可靠测量存在问题。
