Federer M, Herrle J, Margraf J, Schneider S
Schulpsychologischer Dienst, Dietikon-Zürich.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2000 Feb;49(2):83-96.
In the literature on the aetiology of panic disorder, the separation-anxiety-hypothesis is discussed, in which separation anxiety disorder is conceived as a precursor of panic disorder. Using the representative sample of the Dresden Child Anxiety Study (DKAS) we examined weather agoraphobic and separation anxiety symptoms do already co-occur systematically in eight-year-olds. After N = 826 children had been screened, N = 230 took part in an individual diagnostic interview. With a total prevalence of 9.5% for all anxiety disorders, the prevalence rate for separation anxiety amounted to 2.8%. Another 2.5% of the children (almost exclusively girls) received a diagnosis of specific phobia in agoraphobic situations. Separation anxiety, social anxiety, agoraphobic anxiety and panic anxiety were assessed on a dimensional level, as well. However, no specific pattern of co-morbidity could be found in terms of an increased frequency of agoraphobic fears and separation anxiety occurring simultaneously. The symptom profiles of children with separation anxiety and those with agoraphobic anxieties differed considerably. Children currently living in a separation situation do not exhibit separation anxiety or agoraphobia more frequently than the rest of the children.
在有关惊恐障碍病因的文献中，讨论了分离焦虑假说，该假说将分离焦虑障碍视为惊恐障碍的先兆。我们利用德累斯顿儿童焦虑研究（DKAS）的代表性样本，研究了广场恐惧症和分离焦虑症状在8岁儿童中是否已经系统性地同时出现。在对N = 826名儿童进行筛查后，N = 230名儿童参加了个体诊断访谈。所有焦虑障碍的总患病率为9.5%，分离焦虑的患病率为2.8%。另外2.5%的儿童（几乎全是女孩）被诊断为广场恐怖情境中的特定恐惧症。分离焦虑、社交焦虑、广场恐怖焦虑和惊恐焦虑也在维度层面进行了评估。然而，就广场恐怖恐惧和分离焦虑同时出现的频率增加而言，未发现特定的共病模式。有分离焦虑的儿童和有广场恐怖焦虑的儿童的症状特征有很大差异。目前处于分离状态的儿童并不比其他儿童更频繁地表现出分离焦虑或广场恐惧症。
