Hill J O, Melanson E L, Wyatt H T
Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):284S-288S.
Obesity represents a major threat to health and quality of life. Although obesity has strong genetic determinants, the increasing prevalence of obesity in populations around the world suggests that environmental factors are promoting or exacerbating the problem. Experts are calling for public health efforts to deal with the global epidemic of obesity. Such a campaign would require that we identify and modify environmental factors that promote obesity. Our current food supply is high in fat, and high fat diets have been suggested to promote obesity by increasing energy intake, thus increasing the probability of positive energy balance and weight gain. However, others argue that high fat diets are not promoting obesity. In this paper, we review evidence from animal studies, carefully controlled laboratory studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical trials and studies in individuals at high risk to develop obesity. Although there are many environmental factors promoting excess energy intake and discouraging energy expenditure, it is clear that consumption of a high fat diet increases the likelihood of obesity and that the risk of obesity is low in individuals consuming low fat diets. On the basis of the available data, the current public health recommendations to lower dietary fat intake appear to be appropriate.
肥胖是对健康和生活质量的重大威胁。尽管肥胖有很强的遗传决定因素，但全球各地人群中肥胖患病率的不断上升表明，环境因素正在推动或加剧这一问题。专家们呼吁开展公共卫生行动来应对全球肥胖流行。这样一场运动将要求我们识别并改变那些促使肥胖的环境因素。我们目前的食物供应脂肪含量很高，高脂肪饮食被认为通过增加能量摄入来促进肥胖，从而增加正能量平衡和体重增加的可能性。然而，也有人认为高脂肪饮食并不会导致肥胖。在本文中，我们回顾了来自动物研究、严格控制的实验室研究、横断面研究、临床试验以及对有肥胖风险个体的研究的证据。尽管有许多环境因素会促使能量摄入过多并抑制能量消耗，但很明显，食用高脂肪饮食会增加肥胖的可能性，而食用低脂肪饮食的个体肥胖风险较低。基于现有数据，目前关于降低膳食脂肪摄入量的公共卫生建议似乎是恰当的。
