Rowland T, Miller K, Vanderburgh P, Goff D, Martel L, Ferrone L
Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 2000 Feb;21(2):117-21. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-8873.
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in females, expressed as ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), declines steadily during the first three decades of life. The contribution of diminished cardiovascular function to this apparent fall in aerobic fitness is unknown. Cardiac responses to maximal cycle exercise were compared in 24 premenarcheal females (mean age 11.7 years) and 17 young adult women (mean age 27.4 years) using Doppler echocardiography. Mean VO2max was 40 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) and 34.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) in the girls and women, respectively (p < 0.05). When VO2max was expressed relative to allometrically-derived mass(0.52), however, no significant difference was observed in aerobic fitness between the two groups. Similar allometric analyses revealed no significant differences in average maximal cardiac output (10.50 vs 10.07 L x min(-1) BSA(-1.11) for girls and women, respectively) nor maximal stroke volume (53 vs 56 ml BSA(-1.13) respectively). These findings suggest that 1) allometric scaling is important in eliminating the effects of body size on VO2max, 2) body dimension differences can account for variations in VO2 in young females, and 3) cardiac functional reserve is similar in premenarcheal girls and young adult women.
女性的最大摄氧量（VO2max），以毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹表示，在生命的头三十年中稳步下降。心血管功能下降对有氧适能这种明显下降的影响尚不清楚。使用多普勒超声心动图比较了24名月经初潮前女性（平均年龄11.7岁）和17名年轻成年女性（平均年龄27.4岁）对最大强度自行车运动的心脏反应。女孩和女性的平均VO2max分别为40毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹和34.7毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹（p<0.05）。然而，当VO2max相对于根据体表面积计算得出的质量（0.52）表示时，两组之间的有氧适能没有观察到显著差异。类似的体表面积分析显示，平均最大心输出量（女孩和女性分别为10.50与10.07升×分钟⁻¹×体表面积⁻¹.¹¹）和最大每搏输出量（分别为53与56毫升×体表面积⁻¹.¹³）均无显著差异。这些发现表明：1）体表面积标化对于消除体型对VO2max的影响很重要；2）身体尺寸差异可以解释年轻女性VO2的变化；3）月经初潮前女孩和年轻成年女性的心脏功能储备相似。
