Cameron I L, Pavlat W A, Stevens M D, Rogers W
J Nutr. 1979 Apr;109(4):671-84. doi: 10.1093/jn/109.4.671.
Parenteral and enteral nutrition are being used as adjuncts to cancer therapy. A liquid diet formulation containing a 27% solution of glucose and 3.9% crystalline amino acids with electrolytes and vitamins was given continuously for a week via parenteral (iv), and via intragastric (ig) routes and also was given ad libitum via the oral or per os (po) route to groups of Buffalo rats with and without a Morris No. 7777 transplantable hepatoma to find out how these feeding procedures affect tumor-host interactions. Other groups of rats with and without the hepatoma were given solid food ad libitum. The following parameters were examined: mortality, carcass and organ weights, body and tumor growth, nitrogen balance, energy intake, fluid balance, urinalysis, hematology values, and serum protein levels. The results are considered with respect to the influence of the tumor on the host and the influence of the feeding procedure on the animal with and without a tumor. The presence of the hepatoma was associated with: higher mortality, a decrease in carcass mass, leucocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum IgG, transferrin and albumin, and an increase in serum alpha fetoprotein. The iv and ig feeding procedures alone resulted in some mortality which was exacerbated by the presence of the tumor. Mortality was especially high in the tumorous rats on the ig feeding procedure. The degree of positive nitrogen balance and carcass mass was similar in non-tumorous rats fed the same liquid diet formula when given iv, ig, or po. Tumorous rats fed the liquid diet ad libitum showed anorexia and a significantly lower nitrogen balance. The iv and ig feeding of tumorous rats at a level which was well above those of the tumorous rats given solid or liquid diet ad libitum maintained the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats. Even though the iv feeding of tumorous rats maintained about the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats, these tumorous rats still suffered loss of carcass mass. It appears that the large rapidly growing hepatoma has priority for available nutrition over the host. It is further suggested that the rapidly growing hepatoma places an ever increasing demand on the available nutrients. Thus, a point is eventually reached where even supplemental nutritional support can no longer meet the needs of the growing hepatoma and the host.
肠外营养和肠内营养正被用作癌症治疗的辅助手段。一种液体饮食配方，含有27%的葡萄糖溶液、3.9%的结晶氨基酸以及电解质和维生素，通过肠外（静脉注射）、胃内（灌胃）途径连续给予一周，并且还通过口服途径随意给予患有和未患有Morris 7777可移植肝癌的水牛大鼠组，以了解这些喂养方式如何影响肿瘤与宿主的相互作用。其他患有和未患有肝癌的大鼠组随意给予固体食物。检查了以下参数：死亡率、胴体和器官重量、身体和肿瘤生长、氮平衡、能量摄入、液体平衡、尿液分析、血液学值以及血清蛋白水平。针对肿瘤对宿主的影响以及喂养方式对患有和未患有肿瘤动物的影响来考虑结果。肝癌的存在与以下情况相关：较高的死亡率、胴体质量下降、白细胞增多、贫血、血清IgG、转铁蛋白和白蛋白减少以及血清甲胎蛋白增加。仅静脉注射和灌胃喂养方式就导致了一些死亡，而肿瘤的存在使这种情况更加严重。在接受灌胃喂养的肿瘤大鼠中死亡率尤其高。当通过静脉注射、灌胃或口服给予相同的液体饮食配方时，未患肿瘤的大鼠的正氮平衡程度和胴体质量相似。随意给予液体饮食的肿瘤大鼠表现出厌食，氮平衡显著降低。以远高于随意给予固体或液体饮食的肿瘤大鼠的水平对肿瘤大鼠进行静脉注射和灌胃喂养，维持了与未患肿瘤大鼠相同程度的正氮平衡。尽管对肿瘤大鼠进行静脉注射喂养维持了与未患肿瘤大鼠相同程度的正氮平衡，但这些肿瘤大鼠仍出现胴体质量损失。似乎快速生长的大型肝癌在获取可用营养方面比宿主具有优先权。进一步表明，快速生长的肝癌对可用营养的需求不断增加。因此，最终会达到一个点，即使补充营养支持也不再能够满足不断生长的肝癌和宿主的需求。
