Dornheim J
Universität Osnabrück.
Pflege. 1999 Oct;12(5):295-308. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302.12.5.295.
Based on the question, on which conditions the understanding of the strange is possible at all, this article points out--illustrated by research material on nursing practice, nursing education and nursing science--collective interpretative patterns that are based on binary codings like "nature-culture", "body-mind", "female-male", "strange-familiar", foreign-native", "you-we", "sick-healthy", "black people-white people", etc. These patterns and the value judgements expressed by them are social constructions within specific in certain historical and cultural contexts. Yet people neither experience collective interpretative patterns nor recognize them as such, but deal with them as if they were natural facts. This (unrecognised) process of naturalization of social-cultural phenomena provokes contradictions and conflicts in all fields of practical life--in nursing practice and nursing education too, which will be shown by examples. To describe and analyse these complex circumstances, an approach to a critical concept of culture is developed in this article. The approach includes social-cultural events, processes and structures as well as their implicated symbolization. However, this heuristic construct itself must not be naturalized and "essentialized".
基于关于在何种条件下对陌生事物的理解才完全有可能这一问题，本文指出——以护理实践、护理教育和护理科学的研究材料为例证——基于诸如“自然-文化”“身体-心灵”“女性-男性”“陌生-熟悉”“外来-本土”“你-我们”“患病-健康”“黑人-白人”等二元编码的集体解释模式。这些模式以及它们所表达的价值判断是特定历史和文化背景下的社会建构。然而，人们既没有体验到集体解释模式，也没有将它们视为集体解释模式，而是将它们当作自然事实来对待。这种社会文化现象的（未被认识到的）自然化过程在实际生活的所有领域引发矛盾和冲突——在护理实践和护理教育中也是如此，本文将通过实例予以说明。为了描述和分析这些复杂情况，本文提出了一种批判性文化概念的方法。该方法包括社会文化事件、过程和结构及其隐含的符号化。然而，这种启发式建构本身绝不能被自然化和“本质化”。
