Salcedo J M, Camargo E P, Krieger H, Silva L H, Camargo L M
Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Secretaria de Saúde de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 78970-900, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2000 Mar-Apr;95(2):139-45. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000200001.
A malaria control pilot project was developed in the Urupá agro-industrial farm that is situated in the State of Rondônia (Western Amazon Region, Brazil). Around 180 inhabitants had been surveyed for the past five years. The control measures were based on (1) training a community agent to perform on the spot microscopical diagnosis of malaria and to treat the uncomplicated cases of malaria; (2) limiting the use of insecticides to a short period before the high transmission season. This resulted in a significant reduction in the time between the onset of clinical symptoms and specific chemotherapy which fell from 3.5 to 1.3 days. In relation to the previous three reference years the total number of malaria cases was reduced to 50% in the first year and to 25% in the second year. The introduction of these measures coincided with pronounced reduction in the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum infections but this was less marked for P. vivax infections. In the second year of the pilot experiment there was no P. falciparum transmission on the farm. During the last decade there was a general decrease in the endemicity of malaria in the State of Rondônia. The linear regression coefficient values indicate that the decline was more pronounced in Urupá than in the general municipality and that the falciparum malaria API in Urupá farm is significantly lower than in the general municipality of Candeias were the farm is situated.
在位于朗多尼亚州（巴西西部亚马逊地区）的乌鲁帕农牧场开展了一项疟疾控制试点项目。在过去五年里，对约180名居民进行了调查。控制措施基于：（1）培训一名社区工作人员进行现场疟疾显微镜诊断，并治疗非复杂性疟疾病例；（2）将杀虫剂的使用限制在高传播季节前的短时间内。这使得临床症状出现到进行特异性化疗之间的时间显著缩短，从3.5天降至1.3天。与之前三个参考年份相比，疟疾病例总数在第一年减少到50%，在第二年减少到25%。这些措施的实施同时伴随着恶性疟原虫感染频率的显著下降，但间日疟原虫感染的下降不太明显。在试点实验的第二年，农场没有恶性疟原虫传播。在过去十年里，朗多尼亚州的疟疾流行程度总体有所下降。线性回归系数值表明，乌鲁帕的下降比整个市更为明显，且乌鲁帕农场的恶性疟疾病例发病率显著低于该农场所在的坎德亚斯市。
