Hohenboken W D
Animal and Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
Theriogenology. 1999 Dec;52(8):1421-33. doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00227-7.
Sexed semen will contribute to increased profitability of dairy and beef cattle production in a variety of ways. It could be used to produce offspring of the desired sex from a particular mating to take advantage of differences in value of males and females for specific marketing purposes. Commercial dairy farmers, those who produce and market milk, could use sexed semen to produce replacement daughters from genetically superior cows and beef crossbred sons from the remainder of their cow population. To increase the rate of response to selection, seedstock dairy cattle breeders could produce bulls for progeny testing from a smaller number of elite dams by using sexed semen to ensure that all of them produced a son. Using sexed semen could then reduce the cost of progeny testing those bulls, because fewer matings would be necessary to produce any required number of daughters. Commercial beef cattle farmers, producing animals for eventual slaughter, could use sexed semen to capitalize on the higher value of male than female offspring for meat production. They could also use sexed semen to produce specialized, genetically superior replacement heifers from as small a proportion of the herd as possible. This would allow the remainder of the herd to produce male calves from bulls or breeds with superior genetic merit for growth, feed conversion efficiency, and carcass merit. Single-sex, bred-heifer systems, in which each female is sold for slaughter soon after weaning her replacement daughter, would be possible with the use of X-chromosome-sorted semen. Use of sexed semen would make terminal crossbreeding systems more efficient and sustainable in beef cattle. Fewer females would be required to produce specialized maternal crossbred daughters, and more could be devoted to producing highly efficient, terminal crossbred sons.
性别分选精液将通过多种方式提高奶牛和肉牛生产的盈利能力。它可用于从特定交配中产生所需性别的后代，以利用雄性和雌性在特定市场目的下的价值差异。商业奶农，即生产和销售牛奶的人，可以使用性别分选精液从基因优良的母牛中培育出后备母牛，并从其余牛群中培育出肉牛杂交公牛。为了提高选择反应的速度，种牛场奶牛育种者可以通过使用性别分选精液从数量较少的优良母畜中培育用于后代测试的公牛，以确保它们都能生出公牛。使用性别分选精液可以降低对这些公牛进行后代测试的成本，因为产生任何所需数量的母牛所需的交配次数会更少。商业肉牛养殖户，养殖最终用于屠宰的动物，可以使用性别分选精液来利用雄性后代在肉类生产中比雌性后代更高的价值。他们还可以使用性别分选精液从尽可能少的牛群中培育出专门的、基因优良的后备小母牛。这将使其余的牛群能够从具有生长、饲料转化效率和胴体品质等优良遗传特性的公牛或品种中产出雄性犊牛。使用X染色体分选精液将使单性别、已配种小母牛系统成为可能，在这种系统中，每头母牛在断奶后不久就将其后备母牛出售用于屠宰。在肉牛中，使用性别分选精液将使终端杂交系统更高效、更可持续。生产专门的母本杂交母牛所需的母牛数量会更少，更多的母牛可以用于生产高效终端杂交公牛。
