El-Halawani M E, Whiting S E, Silsby J L, Pitts G R, Chaiseha Y
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108, USA.
Poult Sci. 2000 Mar;79(3):349-54. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.3.349.
Active immunization of turkey hens against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to inhibit incubation behavior and to increase egg production in second-cycle hens. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of VIP immunization on first- and second-cycle turkey hens during a 27-wk production period. First- (25-wk-old) and second- (54-wk-old) cycle hens were intermixed, distributed among 16 pens, and subjected to a photoperiod of 6 h of light and 18 h of darkness for 10 wk. The first-cycle hens were divided into two groups: keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-immunized controls (n = 16) and VIP-immunized (n = 18). Second-cycle hens were divided into four groups: 1) unimmunized controls (n = 19), 2) KLH-immunized controls (n = 18), 3) VIP-immunized (n = 19), and 4) VIP-preimmunized (immunized during first cycle; n = 16). Each hen received four antigen injections beginning the day of photostimulation (4-wk intervals), except for the preimmunized hens, which received three injections beginning 4 wk after photostimulation. The maximum titer of VIP antibodies in first-cycle, second-cycle, and preimmunized hens was 17.2+/-2.2, 20.9+/-2.9, and 21.7+/-3.2%, respectively. After photostimulation, plasma prolactin of first- and second-cycle control hens peaked between 484 +/-105 and 630+/-118 ng/mL. In contrast, prolactin changed very little in VIP-immunized turkeys. The average number of daily nest visits was less in first- and second-cycle VIP-immunized hens (1.68+/-0.23 and 1.09+/-0.15 visits per hen per day, respectively) than in their respective KLH-immunized controls (2.47+/-0.36 and 2.65+/-0.45 visits per hen per day). Expression of incubation behavior was 50.0 and 52.6% in first- and second-cycle control hens, respectively, upon termination of the study. In contrast, only 11.1% first-cycle and 5.2% second-cycle VIP-immunized turkeys exhibited the hormonal and behavioral characteristics of incubating hens. Average weekly egg production of first- and second-cycle VIP-immunized turkeys was similar (3.58+/-0.19 vs. 3.63+/-0.14 eggs per hen per wk). First- and second-cycle control hens laid 2.63+/-0.25 and 2.41+/-0.20 eggs per hen per wk, respectively. The present results show that comparable egg production was attained in first- and second-cycle hens by active immunization with VIP.
已证明对火鸡母鸡进行血管活性肠肽（VIP）主动免疫可抑制抱窝行为，并提高第二周期母鸡的产蛋量。本研究的目的是比较VIP免疫对第一周期和第二周期火鸡母鸡在27周产蛋期的影响。第一周期（25周龄）和第二周期（54周龄）的母鸡混合饲养，分配到16个鸡舍中，并在10周内接受6小时光照和18小时黑暗的光照周期。第一周期的母鸡分为两组：钥孔戚血蓝蛋白（KLH）免疫对照组（n = 16）和VIP免疫组（n = 18）。第二周期的母鸡分为四组：1）未免疫对照组（n = 19），2）KLH免疫对照组（n = 18），3）VIP免疫组（n = 19），4）VIP预免疫组（在第一周期免疫；n = 16）。除预免疫母鸡在光照刺激后4周开始接受三次注射外，每只母鸡从光照刺激当天开始接受四次抗原注射（间隔4周）。第一周期、第二周期和预免疫母鸡中VIP抗体的最大滴度分别为17.2±2.2%、20.9±2.9%和21.7±3.2%。光照刺激后，第一周期和第二周期对照母鸡的血浆催乳素在484±105至630±118 ng/mL之间达到峰值。相比之下，VIP免疫的火鸡中催乳素变化很小。第一周期和第二周期VIP免疫母鸡每天进入巢箱的平均次数（分别为每只母鸡每天1.68±0.23次和1.09±0.15次）低于各自的KLH免疫对照组（分别为每只母鸡每天2.47±0.36次和2.65±0.45次）。在研究结束时，第一周期和第二周期对照母鸡中抱窝行为的表达分别为50.0%和52.6%。相比之下，第一周期和第二周期VIP免疫的火鸡中只有11.1%和5.2%表现出抱窝母鸡的激素和行为特征。第一周期和第二周期VIP免疫火鸡的平均每周产蛋量相似（分别为每只母鸡每周3.58±0.19枚和3.63±0.14枚）。第一周期和第二周期对照母鸡分别为每只母鸡每周产蛋2.63±0.25枚和2.41±0.20枚。目前的结果表明，通过对第一周期和第二周期的母鸡进行VIP主动免疫可获得相当的产蛋量。
