Casasola M, Cohen L B
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2000 Mar;36(2):155-68.
Six experiments examined infants' ability to associate nonsense words with 2 causal actions: pushing and pulling. Although Experiment 1 found that 14-month-olds failed to form word-action associations, 18-month-olds in Experiment 2 provided reliable evidence of doing so. Additional experiments explored why 14-month-olds may not have formed such an association. Experiment 3 examined 14-month-olds' ability to discriminate a change in either the action or the label when the other element was held constant. Infants discriminated the change in label but not the change in action. When the language labels were replaced with music (Experiments 4-6), 14-month-old infants responded in terms of and discriminated between pushing and pulling. These results, in comparison with those from Experiments 1 and 3, suggest that for 14 month-olds, attempting to associate labels with actions may interfere with their discrimination of similar actions.
六项实验研究了婴儿将无意义词汇与两种因果动作（推和拉）建立联系的能力。尽管实验1发现14个月大的婴儿未能形成词汇-动作关联，但实验2中的18个月大婴儿提供了这样做的可靠证据。额外的实验探究了为什么14个月大的婴儿可能没有形成这种关联。实验3考察了14个月大婴儿在另一个元素保持不变时区分动作或标签变化的能力。婴儿能够区分标签的变化，但不能区分动作的变化。当语言标签被音乐取代时（实验4 - 6），14个月大的婴儿能够根据推和拉做出反应并区分它们。与实验1和3的结果相比，这些结果表明，对于14个月大的婴儿来说，试图将标签与动作联系起来可能会干扰他们对相似动作的区分。
