Rikers RM, Schmidt HG, Boshuizen HP
Department of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000 Apr;25(2):150-166. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1998.1000.
The present study explored the role of so-called encapsulated knowledge in diagnosing clinical cases outside the expert physicians' domain of expertise. Neurologists and 2nd-year and 6th-year medical students were required to diagnose, recall, and explain the signs and symptoms of two cardiological and two pulmonological clinical case descriptions. Our experiment showed that neurologists diagnosed these clinical cases faster and more accurately than 2nd-year and 6th-year medical students. An inverted U-shaped relationship with levels of expertise was found in recall and pathophysiological protocols: 6th-year medical students remembered more information from the cases and produced more elaborated explanations for the described signs and symptoms than both other groups. The proportion of encapsulating concepts in recall and pathophysiological explanations, on the other hand, increased with levels of expertise. This pattern is similar to that found in previous studies on clinical case representations using only cases within the expert physicians' domain of expertise. Therefore, these results suggest that expert physicians process clinical case descriptions both within and outside their domain of expertise in essentially the same way. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
本研究探讨了所谓的封装知识在诊断专家医生专业领域之外的临床病例中的作用。要求神经科医生以及二年级和六年级医学生对两份心脏病学和两份肺病学临床病例描述的体征和症状进行诊断、回忆并解释。我们的实验表明，神经科医生诊断这些临床病例的速度比二年级和六年级医学生更快且更准确。在回忆和病理生理方案方面发现了与专业水平呈倒U形的关系：六年级医学生比其他两组记住了更多病例信息，并对所描述的体征和症状给出了更详尽的解释。另一方面，回忆和病理生理解释中封装概念的比例随着专业水平的提高而增加。这种模式与之前仅使用专家医生专业领域内病例进行临床病例表征研究中发现的模式相似。因此，这些结果表明，专家医生在其专业领域内外处理临床病例描述的方式基本相同。版权所有2000年学术出版社。
