Mead T P, Drowatzky J N, Hardin-Crosby L
Health and Physical Education Department, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2000 Feb;90(1):236-40. doi: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.236.
Research has indicated that negative and positive thoughts may affect sport performance. The purpose of this analogue study was to assess whether negative and positive stimuli influenced tennis performance similar to positive and negative thought. The reaction time (RT) of 40 competitive tennis players was measured during a timed response to a tennis ball rotating in a topspin, sidespin, or backspin direction on the computer screen. Immediately prior to the ball presentation, a phrase (accessory stimulus) was presented visually or aurally. The accessory stimulus provided either positive (e.g., 'nice shot') or negative information (e.g., 'bad shot') followed by the subject's name. Analysis showed a main effect only for the type of spin. The slowest RT occurred when responding to a tennis ball rotating in a backspin direction. A significant interaction was found for the sensory modality (audition vs vision) and polarity (positive vs negative) of the accessory stimulus. RT to negative stimuli was slowest when the accessory stimulus was presented aurally. The quickest RT to positive stimuli occurred when the accessory stimulus was presented aurally. These results indicated that negative and positive stimuli, when presented aurally, affected performance as positive and negative thoughts measured in other studies. Not measured was whether negative and positive stimuli actually produce the negative and positive thoughts, respectively, that have been reported to affect performance.
研究表明，消极和积极的想法可能会影响运动表现。这项模拟研究的目的是评估消极和积极刺激对网球表现的影响是否与积极和消极想法类似。在对电脑屏幕上以正旋、侧旋或反旋方向旋转的网球进行定时反应时，测量了40名竞技网球运动员的反应时间（RT）。在球出现之前，会通过视觉或听觉呈现一个短语（辅助刺激）。辅助刺激提供积极信息（如“好球”）或消极信息（如“坏球”），随后是受试者的名字。分析表明，仅旋转类型有主效应。对反旋方向旋转的网球做出反应时，反应时间最慢。在辅助刺激的感觉模态（听觉与视觉）和极性（积极与消极）方面发现了显著的交互作用。当辅助刺激通过听觉呈现时，对消极刺激的反应时间最慢。当辅助刺激通过听觉呈现时，对积极刺激的反应时间最快。这些结果表明，消极和积极刺激通过听觉呈现时，对表现的影响与其他研究中测量的积极和消极想法相同。未测量的是消极和积极刺激是否实际上分别产生了据报道会影响表现的消极和积极想法。
