Mates J, Aschersleben G
Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2000 Mar;104(1):29-44. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(99)00052-9.
When subjects are asked to tap in synchrony to a regular sequence of stimulus events (e.g., clicks), performance is not perfect in that, usually, an anticipation of the tap is observed. The present study examines the influence of temporally displaced auditory feedback on the size of this anticipatory error. Whereas earlier studies have shown that this asynchrony exhibits a linear increase in size as a function of an increasing delay in such additional auditory feedback, this study compared the impact of shifting feedback forward in time (i.e., feedback presented before the tap) with that of delayed auditory feedback. Results showed that the impact of feedback displacement on the amount of asynchrony differed for positive and negative displacements. Delayed feedback led to an increase in asynchrony, whereas negative displacements had (almost) no effect. This finding is related to a model assuming that the various feedback components arising from the tap (tactile, kinesthetic, auditory) are integrated to form one central representation, and that the timing of this central representation arises from a linear combination of the components involved.
当要求受试者与一系列有规律的刺激事件(如滴答声)同步轻敲时,表现并不完美,因为通常会观察到轻敲有提前的情况。本研究考察了时间上错位的听觉反馈对这种提前误差大小的影响。早期研究表明,随着这种额外听觉反馈延迟增加,这种异步性的大小呈线性增加,而本研究比较了将反馈提前(即轻敲前呈现反馈)与延迟听觉反馈的影响。结果表明,反馈位移对异步量的影响在正向和负向位移时有所不同。延迟反馈导致异步性增加,而负向位移(几乎)没有影响。这一发现与一个模型有关,该模型假设轻敲产生的各种反馈成分(触觉、动觉、听觉)被整合形成一个中央表征,并且这个中央表征的时间来自所涉及成分的线性组合。