Dayer C A, Baron S, Light K E, Wenger G R
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):551-8.
To determine whether the effects of ethanol on working memory are mediated by a secondary effect on attention, dose-response curves for ethanol were determined in eight pigeons trained under a titrating matching-to-sample (TMTS) procedure, in eight pigeons trained under a discrete-trial measure of attention, and in eight pigeons trained under a continuous-trial measure of attention. Ethanol decreased accuracy under the TMTS procedure following the three highest doses (1, 1.8, and 3 g/kg). Only the highest dose (3 mg/kg) decreased rates of responding. Attention, as measured under the discrete-trial procedure, was affected only by the two highest doses (1.8 and 3 g/kg). The 3-g/kg dose caused significant decreases in the probability of a hit and probability of a correct rejection, as well as significant increases in the probability of an error of omission and response latencies. Sensitivity to the signal decreased following 1.8 and 3 g/kg ethanol. Under the continuous-trial procedure, ethanol caused a peak in false alarms after the 1.8-g/kg dose, decreased the probability of a hit following the 1.8- and 3-g/kg doses, and increased probability of a miss at all doses. Sensitivity to the signal was not affected. A comparison of the dose-response curves for the TMTS procedure and the two measures of attention revealed that working memory (TMTS) was decreased by a lower dose than that affecting attention. This suggests that the effects of ethanol on working memory are not mediated by the subject's ability to pay attention to stimulus changes in the environment.
为了确定乙醇对工作记忆的影响是否由对注意力的继发效应介导，在采用滴定式匹配样本（TMTS）程序训练的8只鸽子、采用离散试验注意力测量方法训练的8只鸽子以及采用连续试验注意力测量方法训练的8只鸽子中，测定了乙醇的剂量-反应曲线。在TMTS程序中，乙醇在三个最高剂量（1、1.8和3克/千克）后降低了准确性。只有最高剂量（3毫克/千克）降低了反应率。在离散试验程序下测量的注意力仅受到两个最高剂量（1.8和3克/千克）的影响。3克/千克的剂量导致命中概率和正确拒斥概率显著降低，以及遗漏错误概率和反应潜伏期显著增加。在1.8和3克/千克乙醇后，对信号的敏感性降低。在连续试验程序下，乙醇在1.8克/千克剂量后导致误报峰值，在1.8和3克/千克剂量后降低了命中概率，并且在所有剂量下增加了漏报概率。对信号的敏感性未受影响。对TMTS程序和两种注意力测量方法的剂量-反应曲线进行比较发现，影响工作记忆（TMTS）的乙醇剂量低于影响注意力的剂量。这表明乙醇对工作记忆的影响不是由受试者关注环境中刺激变化的能力介导的。
