Lemmonds Charlotte A, Williams D Keith, Wenger Galen R
Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Biometry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Mail Slot 611, 4301 W Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Oct;163(3-4):391-8. doi: 10.1007/s00213-002-1013-6. Epub 2002 Mar 13.
The animal literature examining the effects of drugs of abuse on sustained attention has provided conflicting results. One reason for these inconsistencies could be the different type of tasks used to measure sustained attention.
Acute effects of pentobarbital (0.3, 1, 3, 5.6, 10, and 13 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 5.6 mg/kg), and nicotine (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg) were compared in two models of sustained attention.
Dose-response curves were compared in eight male, white Carneaux pigeons trained under a continuous-trial attention procedure and in six male, white Carneaux pigeons trained under a discrete-trial attention procedure. Both procedures required subjects to respond to a variable and brief signal presentation (signal was presented on average every 6.5 s).
Under the continuous-trial procedure, pentobarbital decreased hits as well as increased the number of false alarms and misses at doses that did not impair the ability of the animals to respond. d-Amphetamine and nicotine dose dependently decreased hits and increased misses at doses that did not impair rates of responding. However, neither psychomotor stimulant caused a significant increase in false alarms. Under the discrete-trial procedure, pentobarbital, d-amphetamine, and nicotine decreased hits and correct rejections and increased misses and errors of omission. For the most part, these drug effects occurred at doses that increased the latencies of the animals to respond. When comparing drug effects between the continuous- and discrete-trial procedures, a difference in the false alarm rate was observed.
The present study shows that the continuous-trial procedure was able to detect differences between drug classes that were not apparent under the discrete-trial procedure. Although the lack of a true measure of a false alarm rate continues to be a problem with the continuous-trial procedure, it may be an important procedure for studying the effects of pharmacological agents.
关于滥用药物对持续注意力影响的动物文献给出了相互矛盾的结果。这些不一致的一个原因可能是用于测量持续注意力的任务类型不同。
在两种持续注意力模型中比较戊巴比妥（0.3、1、3、5.6、10和13毫克/千克）、右旋苯丙胺（0.03、0.1、0.3、1、3和5.6毫克/千克）和尼古丁（0.03、0.1、0.3、1和3毫克/千克）的急性效应。
在八只接受连续试验注意力程序训练的雄性白色卡诺鸽和六只接受离散试验注意力程序训练的雄性白色卡诺鸽中比较剂量反应曲线。两种程序都要求受试者对可变且短暂的信号呈现做出反应（信号平均每6.5秒呈现一次）。
在连续试验程序下，戊巴比妥在不损害动物反应能力的剂量下降低了命中次数，同时增加了误报和漏报次数。右旋苯丙胺和尼古丁在不损害反应率的剂量下剂量依赖性地降低了命中次数并增加了漏报次数。然而，两种精神运动兴奋剂均未导致误报次数显著增加。在离散试验程序下，戊巴比妥、右旋苯丙胺和尼古丁降低了命中次数和正确拒绝次数，增加了漏报次数和遗漏错误次数。在很大程度上，这些药物效应发生在增加动物反应潜伏期的剂量下。在比较连续试验和离散试验程序之间的药物效应时，观察到了误报率的差异。
本研究表明，连续试验程序能够检测出离散试验程序下不明显的药物类别之间的差异。尽管连续试验程序仍然存在缺乏真正误报率测量方法的问题，但它可能是研究药物制剂作用的重要程序。
