Taye A, Gebre-Michael T, Taticheff S
Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
East Afr Med J. 2000 Feb;77(2):116-20. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v77i2.46411.
To determine the prevalence of onchocerciasis and the entomological transmission indices such as the parous rate and annual transmission potential (ATP).
Gilgel Ghibe village, Gilgel Ghibe River Valley Southwest Ethiopia between April 1994 and March 1995.
Two hundred twenty eight subjects of the total 400 population in Gilgel Ghibe village were subjected to parasitological and clinical examinations.
Two skin snips per person were taken and examined for microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. Fly collections were done from dawn to dusk from human baits seated in pairs at four representative sites at the river bank and away from the river bank. Flies were dissected for parity and infections with O. volvulus larvae.
Among the 228 people examined, the prevalence of the disease was low (17%), being higher in males (19%) than in females (14%). The geometric mean of microfilarial density was 11.1 (range, 1-132) mf per skin snip. Itching followed by pigmentary changes were the most common clinical signs and symptoms. The predominant anthropophilic blackfly species was Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum s.l. The annual parous rate and ATP were 74.7% and 1669.5, respectively, being higher at the river bank than at sites further away suggesting a greater risk of infection by the river side.
The low prevalence of onchocerciasis in Gilgel Ghibe area vis-a-vis the high ATP level could be due to the possible presence of bovine onchocerciasis in the area. Further studies employing molecular techniques are thus required to identify O. volvulus from other filariae in flies.
确定盘尾丝虫病的流行率以及诸如产雌率和年传播潜力（ATP）等昆虫学传播指标。
1994年4月至1995年3月期间，埃塞俄比亚西南部吉尔吉尔·吉贝河谷的吉尔吉尔·吉贝村。
吉尔吉尔·吉贝村400名总人口中的228名受试者接受了寄生虫学和临床检查。
每人取两片皮肤切片，检查盘尾丝虫的微丝蚴。从黎明到黄昏，在河岸和远离河岸的四个代表性地点，成对坐着的人体诱饵上采集苍蝇。解剖苍蝇以确定其产雌情况和感染盘尾丝虫幼虫的情况。
在接受检查的228人中，该病的流行率较低（17%），男性（19%）高于女性（14%）。每片皮肤切片微丝蚴密度的几何平均值为11.1（范围为1 - 132）条微丝蚴。瘙痒伴色素沉着变化是最常见的临床体征和症状。主要嗜人黑蝇种类是指名蚋复合组（Edwardsellum亚属）的恶蚋。年产雌率和ATP分别为74.7%和1669.5，河岸处高于更远地点，表明河边感染风险更大。
吉尔吉尔·吉贝地区盘尾丝虫病流行率低而ATP水平高，可能是由于该地区存在牛盘尾丝虫病。因此，需要采用分子技术进行进一步研究，以从苍蝇体内的其他丝虫中鉴定出盘尾丝虫。
