Cryptococcal meningitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVE

To study the clinical course and outcome of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

METHOD

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and symptoms suggestive of meningitis were evaluated with detailed history, clinical examination and investigations. Diagnosis of CM was based on positive India ink preparation or positive fungal culture of CSF. All patients were treated with amphotericin those showing response were put on oral fluconazole.

RESULT

A total of 431 patients with HIV infection were admitted to this centre during the study period, of these 15 were diagnosed to have CM. Majority of the patients had a subacute presentation with signs of meningeal irritation seen in only seven patients. India ink preparation and positive fungal culture on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) established diagnosis in all cases. All patients were treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole. Complete response was noticed in seven patients, two patients were lost to follow-up and six patients died during the course of therapy. Raised intracranial tension (ICT) and disseminated disease were associated with poor prognosis.

CONCLUSION

CM is a common opportunistic fungal infection in patients with AIDS. A high index of clinical suspicion and routine mycological surveillance is required to diagnose this infection. Majority of patients respond to therapy except those who have disseminated infection, altered sensorium and features of raised ICT at presentation.