Galinsky A D, Moskowitz G B
Department of Organizational Behavior, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Apr;78(4):708-24. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.4.708.
Using 3 experiments, the authors explored the role of perspective-taking in debiasing social thought. In the 1st 2 experiments, perspective-taking was contrasted with stereotype suppression as a possible strategy for achieving stereotype control. In Experiment 1, perspective-taking decreased stereotypic biases on both a conscious and a nonconscious task. In Experiment 2, perspective-taking led to both decreased stereotyping and increased overlap between representations of the self and representations of the elderly, suggesting activation and application of the self-concept in judgments of the elderly. In Experiment 3, perspective-taking reduced evidence of in-group bias in the minimal group paradigm by increasing evaluations of the out-group. The role of self-other overlap in producing prosocial outcomes and the separation of the conscious, explicit effects from the nonconscious, implicit effects of perspective-taking are discussed.
作者通过3个实验探究了换位思考在消除社会思维偏差中的作用。在前两个实验中，将换位思考与刻板印象抑制作为实现刻板印象控制的可能策略进行了对比。在实验1中，换位思考在有意识和无意识任务中均减少了刻板印象偏差。在实验2中，换位思考既减少了刻板印象，又增加了自我表征与老年人表征之间的重叠，这表明在对老年人的判断中自我概念被激活并得到应用。在实验3中，换位思考通过增加对群体外成员的评价，减少了最小群体范式中的群体内偏差证据。文中还讨论了自我-他人重叠在产生亲社会结果中的作用，以及换位思考有意识、明确的效果与无意识、隐含的效果之间的区别。
