Morrow M
Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2000 Apr 15;61(8):2371-8, 2385.
The most common breast problems for which women consult a physician are breast pain, nipple discharge and a palpable mass. Most women with these complaints have benign breast disease. Breast pain alone is rarely a presenting symptom of cancer, and imaging studies should be reserved for use in women who fall within usual screening guidelines. A nipple discharge can be characterized as physiologic or pathologic based on the findings of the history and physical examination. A pathologic discharge is an indication for terminal duct excision. A dominant breast mass requires histologic diagnosis. A breast cyst can be diagnosed and treated by aspiration. The management of a solid mass depends on the degree of clinical suspicion and the patient's age.
女性向医生咨询的最常见乳腺问题是乳房疼痛、乳头溢液和可触及肿块。大多数有这些症状的女性患有良性乳腺疾病。单纯乳房疼痛很少是癌症的首发症状，影像学检查应仅用于符合常规筛查指南的女性。根据病史和体格检查结果，乳头溢液可分为生理性或病理性。病理性溢液是终末导管切除的指征。乳腺优势肿块需要组织学诊断。乳腺囊肿可通过抽吸进行诊断和治疗。实性肿块的处理取决于临床怀疑程度和患者年龄。
