Völker H U, Röper G, Gerngross H, Willy C
Abteilung Chirurgie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm.
MMW Fortschr Med. 1999 Nov 11;141(45):30-3.
With an incidence of between 3 and 34%, decubitus ulcers are common chronic wounds, many of which can be avoided by prophylactic measures. The most effective preventive measure is relieving pressure on the endangered part of the body, and this is most easily achieved by regularly changing the patient's position in bed. Since, however, this is not always possible for staff-shortage or illness-related (e.g. fractures of the spine) reasons, modern pressure-relieving systems are being increasingly used. The range of options extends from simple foam plastic underlays to water-filled cushions to pneumatic cushions or beds filled with tiny glass beads. Selection of the most appropriate system is often difficult. For effective prophylaxis, determination of the individual risk of developing a bedsore with the aid of special scales makes good sense. In this way, the measures required can be adapted to the particular needs of the individual patient. New approaches to decubitus ulcer prevention and wound management may help to ensure effective care of the endangered or affected patient.
褥疮的发病率在3%至34%之间，是常见的慢性伤口，其中许多可通过预防措施避免。最有效的预防措施是减轻身体濒危部位的压力，而这最容易通过定期改变患者在床上的体位来实现。然而，由于人员短缺或疾病相关（如脊柱骨折）等原因，这并非总是可行，因此现代减压系统的使用越来越多。选择范围从简单的泡沫塑料衬垫到水垫、气垫或填充微小玻璃珠的床。选择最合适的系统往往很困难。为了进行有效的预防，借助特殊量表确定个体发生褥疮的风险是有意义的。这样，所需的措施就可以适应个体患者的特殊需求。褥疮预防和伤口管理的新方法可能有助于确保对濒危或受影响患者的有效护理。
