March R
Research & Development Genetics, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
Yeast. 2000 Apr;17(1):16-21. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<16::AID-YEA6>3.0.CO;2-E.
Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of the association between genetics and drug response. This is a rapidly expanding field with the hope that, within a few years, prospective genotyping will lead to patients being prescribed drugs which are both safer and more effective ('the right drug for the right patient', or personalized medicine). There are many existing examples in the literature of strong associations between genetic variation and drug response, and some of these even form the basis of accepted clinical tests. The molecular basis for some of these associations is described, and includes examples of variation in genes responsible for absorption and metabolism of the drug, and in target and disease genes. However, there are many issues surrounding the legal, regulatory and ethical framework to these studies that remain unanswered, and a huge amount of education both for the public and healthcare professionals will be needed before the results of this new medicine can be widely accepted.
药物基因组学的定义是对遗传学与药物反应之间关联的研究。这是一个迅速发展的领域，人们希望在几年内，前瞻性基因分型将使患者能够使用更安全、更有效的药物（“为合适的患者使用合适的药物”，即个性化医疗）。文献中有许多关于基因变异与药物反应之间强关联的现有例子，其中一些甚至构成了公认的临床试验的基础。文中描述了其中一些关联的分子基础，包括负责药物吸收和代谢的基因以及靶标和疾病基因的变异实例。然而，围绕这些研究的法律、监管和伦理框架仍有许多问题未得到解答，在这种新医学的成果能够被广泛接受之前，需要对公众和医疗保健专业人员进行大量的教育。
