[1992年至1996年在滨海阿尔卑斯省地区对献血者和自体输血候选者进行抗丙型肝炎病毒筛查所获得的流行病学信息]

[Epidemiological information obtained from anti-hepatitis C virus screening in blood donors and candidates for autologous transfusion from 1992 to 1996 in the Alpes-Maritimes region].

作者信息

Ouzan D, Pesle B, Baldini E, Rimbourg H, Darphin F, Cohen N, Brichetti A, Follana R

机构信息

Département d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Institut Arnault-Tzanck, Saint-Laurent-du-Var.

出版信息

Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2000 Mar;24(3):337-41.

PMID:10804343

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To determine the evolution of the frequency of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies from 1992 to 1996 in blood donors and in candidates for autologous transfusion in the Alpes-Maritimes region and to assess risk factors.

METHODS

Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies were assessed by second generation ELISA in 1992 and in the first quarter of 1993, and then by third generation ELISA; in all cases, anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies were confirmed by RIBA test.

RESULTS

Since 1992 (when the second generation ELISA test became available), the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in blood donors in the Alpes-Maritimes region (0.54% in 1992 to 0.20% in 1996) has decreased. Positive ELISA anti-hepatitis C virus was confirmed by RIBA in 53 to 68% of anti-hepatitis C virus blood donations. The percentage of anti-hepatitis C virus donors with ALT above the upper limit (donation exclusion threshold) was between 28 and 56%.The most frequent age interval for new anti-hepatitis C virus positive donors was between 30 and 40 years. Since 1992, a third of the anti-hepatitis C virus blood donors agreed to participate in a medical history questionnaire. One or several risk factors were found in almost all donors. The most frequent source of infection was nosocomial (50%). During the 5 years of the study, the number of candidates for autologous transfusion increased: 717 in 1992 to 1 528 in 1996. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus in this older population (mean age: 64 years) decreased progressively (2.9% in 1992 to 1.1% in 1996, P<0, 01) since the prevalence of anti-HBc remained stable, near 12%. Among the 96 subjects found to be anti-hepatitis C virus positive before an autologous transfusion, 49 were transfused before 1990 and 40 had a history of surgery.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus has decreased since 1992 in blood donors and in candidates for autologous transfusion which may suggest that there is better screening in the general population and presenting the spread of hepatitis C virus infection.

摘要

目的

确定1992年至1996年期间，法国滨海阿尔卑斯地区献血者和自体输血候选者中抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体频率的变化情况，并评估风险因素。

方法

1992年和1993年第一季度采用第二代酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体，之后采用第三代ELISA检测；所有情况下，均通过重组免疫印迹法（RIBA）确认抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体。

结果

自1992年（第二代ELISA检测可用）以来，滨海阿尔卑斯地区献血者中抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体的流行率有所下降（1992年为0.54%，1996年为0.20%）。在53%至68%的抗丙型肝炎病毒献血中，ELISA检测呈阳性的抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体通过RIBA得到确认。丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）高于上限（献血排除阈值）的抗丙型肝炎病毒献血者比例在28%至56%之间。新的抗丙型肝炎病毒阳性献血者最常见的年龄区间为30至40岁。自1992年以来，三分之一的抗丙型肝炎病毒献血者同意参与病史问卷调查。几乎在所有献血者中都发现了一个或多个风险因素。最常见的感染源是医院感染（50%）。在研究的5年中，自体输血候选者的数量有所增加：1992年为717人，1996年为1528人。在这个年龄较大的人群（平均年龄：64岁）中，抗丙型肝炎病毒的流行率逐渐下降（1992年为2.9%，1996年为1.1%，P<0.01），而抗乙肝核心抗体（抗-HBc）的流行率保持稳定，接近12%。在96名自体输血前被检测出抗丙型肝炎病毒阳性的受试者中，49人在1990年前接受过输血，40人有手术史。