Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Van Damme J, Mantovani A
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Pharm Acta Helv. 2000 Mar;74(2-3):305-12. doi: 10.1016/s0031-6865(99)00040-0.
Chemokines are a superfamily of proteins that play a central role in immune and inflammatory reactions and in viral infections. About 50 different chemokines divided in four subfamilies are known, CXC, CC, C, and CX3C. Chemokine receptors can function as entry/fusion co-receptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, and regulation of receptor expression by cytokines may be relevant for viral infection. Posttranslational processing of chemokines can profoundly affect their interaction with receptors. The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from several chemokines and profoundly affect their biological activity. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpes virus 8 encodes for three chemokine-like proteins that show homology with MIP cluster of CC chemokines. These viral chemokines possess a partial agonist activity for certain chemokine receptors and may function as receptor antagonists. This biological activity could represent a strategy developed by the virus to subvert immunity impairing the generation of an effective anti-viral immune response.
趋化因子是一类蛋白质超家族，在免疫和炎症反应以及病毒感染中发挥核心作用。已知约50种不同的趋化因子分为四个亚家族，即CXC、CC、C和CX3C。趋化因子受体可作为人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）-1感染的进入/融合共受体，细胞因子对受体表达的调节可能与病毒感染有关。趋化因子的翻译后加工可深刻影响其与受体的相互作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶CD26/二肽基肽酶IV（CD26/DPP IV）从几种趋化因子中去除氨基末端二肽，并深刻影响其生物学活性。卡波西肉瘤（KS）相关疱疹病毒8编码三种趋化因子样蛋白，它们与CC趋化因子的MIP簇具有同源性。这些病毒趋化因子对某些趋化因子受体具有部分激动剂活性，并可能作为受体拮抗剂发挥作用。这种生物学活性可能代表病毒为破坏免疫而采用的一种策略，从而损害有效的抗病毒免疫反应的产生。
