El'konin L A, Tyrnov V S
Institute of Agriculture in the Southeastern Region, Saratov, Russia.
Genetika. 2000 Apr;36(4):437-50.
The organization and functions of genetic systems controlling cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants are reviewed. Mitochondrial genes that code for specific proteins disturbing the functions of mitochondria have been found by comparisons between CMS lines and fertile F1 hybrids and between forms originating from in vitro cultures (fertile revertants, cybrids). Nuclear fertility-restorer genes abrogate expression of these mitochondrial genes at the transcriptional or posttranslational level and thereby prevent synthesis of their protein products. A high mutability of the mitochondrial genome in cells cultured in vitro results in the elimination or reorganization of CMS-associated mitochondrial genes or in new mutations causing CMS. Several biotechnological methods are considered with respect to their applicability in identifying and transferring CMS-associated genes and in constructing new CMS forms.
本文综述了控制植物细胞质雄性不育（CMS）的遗传系统的组织和功能。通过比较CMS系与可育F1杂种以及源自体外培养的形式（可育回复体、胞质杂种），发现了编码干扰线粒体功能的特定蛋白质的线粒体基因。核育性恢复基因在转录或翻译后水平消除这些线粒体基因的表达，从而阻止其蛋白质产物的合成。体外培养细胞中线粒体基因组的高突变性导致与CMS相关的线粒体基因的消除或重组，或导致引起CMS的新突变。考虑了几种生物技术方法在鉴定和转移与CMS相关的基因以及构建新的CMS形式方面的适用性。
