Muth C M, Shank E S, Larsen B
Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.
Anaesthesist. 2000 Apr;49(4):302-16. doi: 10.1007/s001010050832.
Decompression injuries are potentially life-threatening incidents, generated by a rapid decline in ambient pressure. Although typically seen in divers, they may be observed in compressed air workers and others exposed to hyperbaric environments. Decompression illness (DCI) results from liberation of gas bubbles in the blood and tissues. DCI may be classified as decompression sickness (DCS) or arterial gas embolism (AGE), depending on where the gas bubbles lodge. DCS occurs after longer exposures to a hyperbaric environment with correspondingly larger up-take of inert gas. DCS may be classified into type 1 with cutaneous symptoms and musculoskeletal pain only or type 2 with neurologic and/or pulmonary symptoms as well. AGE usually results from a pulmonary barotrauma, and with cerebral arterial involvement, the symptoms are similar to a stroke. The most important therapy, in the field, is oxygen resuscitation with the highest possible concentration and volume delivered. The definitive treatment is rapid recompression with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Additional therapeutic measures are discussed.
减压损伤是由环境压力迅速下降引发的潜在危及生命的事件。虽然通常见于潜水员，但在压缩空气工作者和其他暴露于高压环境的人群中也可能出现。减压病（DCI）是由血液和组织中气泡的释放引起的。根据气泡所在位置，DCI可分为减压 sickness（DCS）或动脉气体栓塞（AGE）。DCS发生在较长时间暴露于高压环境且相应地吸收了较多惰性气体之后。DCS可分为仅伴有皮肤症状和肌肉骨骼疼痛的1型或伴有神经和/或肺部症状的2型。AGE通常由肺气压伤引起，当累及脑动脉时，症状类似于中风。现场最重要的治疗方法是给予尽可能高浓度和大容量的氧气进行复苏。明确的治疗是通过高压氧治疗进行快速再加压。还讨论了其他治疗措施。
