Holleman M C, Thornby J I, Merrill J M
Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Sciences Center, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2000 Apr;86(2):407-13. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.407.
Substance abuse continues to be a major health problem compounded by caregivers' negative attitudes toward these patients. We investigated attributions 55 primary care physicians and 315 senior medical students make toward substance abusers. Half of both groups expressed negative causal attributions, with women slightly less negative than men. Mental models based on LISREL regression coefficients showed that higher negative attributions by both physicians and students were related to their increased authoritarianism and depressed mood. Medical students choosing careers in primary care specialties, including psychiatry, expressed a less negative attributional style toward substance abusers than those students entering nonprimary careers. Health professional educators may find that using attribution theory to redefine successful outcomes in management of substance abuse can result in better attitudes for caregivers.
药物滥用仍然是一个重大的健康问题，而护理人员对这些患者的消极态度更是雪上加霜。我们调查了55名初级保健医生和315名高年级医学生对药物滥用者的归因情况。两组中各有一半表达了消极的因果归因，女性的消极程度略低于男性。基于LISREL回归系数的心理模型表明，医生和学生较高的消极归因与他们更强的专制主义和抑郁情绪有关。选择包括精神病学在内的初级保健专业职业的医学生，对药物滥用者的归因方式比那些进入非初级职业的学生要少一些消极。健康专业教育工作者可能会发现，运用归因理论重新定义药物滥用管理中的成功结果，可能会让护理人员形成更好的态度。
