Cherry N, Meyer J D, Adisesh A, Brooke R, Owen-Smith V, Swales C, Beck M H
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jun;142(6):1128-34. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03537.x.
Consultant dermatologists in the U.K. have been reporting to EPIDERM, a voluntary surveillance scheme for occupational skin disease, since February 1993; reporting by occupational physicians to the scheme began in May 1994 and was superseded in January 1996 by OPRA (Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity). Currently 244 dermatologists and 790 occupational physicians report incident cases to these schemes. During the 6 years to January 1999 a total of 12, 574 new cases of occupational skin disease was estimated from reports by consultant dermatologists and 10,136 cases estimated from occupational physicians (since May 1994). The annual incidence of occupational contact dermatitis using data from both schemes was 12. 9 per 100,000 workers. The incidence of contact dermatitis per 100, 000 workers increased with age in men from 4.9 (age 16-29 years) to 6.6 (age 45-60 years); in women a higher rate (9.5) was apparent in the younger age group, with lower rates in older female workers. High rates in young workers were associated with wet work and in older workers with exposure to oils. For men, high rates of contact dermatitis were seen in reports from both schemes for chemical operatives, machine tool setters and operatives, coach and spray painters and metal workers. For women, high rates were found for hairdressers, biological scientists and laboratory workers, nurses and those working in catering. The most frequent agents for contact dermatitis were rubber chemicals and materials (14.1% of cases reported by dermatologists), soaps and cleaners (12.7%), nickel (11. 9%), wet work (11.1%), personal protective equipment (6.2%), petroleum products (6.3%), cutting oils and coolants (5.6%), and epoxy and other resins (6.1%). In the 1608 estimated cases of skin cancer all but 4% were attributed to ultraviolet radiation. Cases of contact urticaria attributed to latex peaked in 1996, with a decline in cases since that time.
自1993年2月起，英国的皮肤科顾问医生就一直向职业性皮肤病自愿监测计划EPIDERM报告病例；职业医生自1994年5月开始向该计划报告病例，并于1996年1月被OPRA（职业医生报告活动）取代。目前，有244名皮肤科医生和790名职业医生向这些计划报告新发病例。到1999年1月的6年期间，根据皮肤科顾问医生的报告估计共有12574例职业性皮肤病新病例，根据职业医生的报告（自1994年5月起）估计有10136例。使用这两个计划的数据得出的职业性接触性皮炎年发病率为每10万名工人中有12.9例。男性每10万名工人中接触性皮炎的发病率随年龄增长从4.9（16 - 29岁）增至6.6（45 - 60岁）；女性中，较年轻年龄组的发病率较高（9.5），老年女性工人的发病率较低。年轻工人的高发病率与湿作业有关，老年工人的高发病率与接触油类有关。对于男性，化学操作工、机床安装工和操作工、客车和喷漆工以及金属工人在两个计划的报告中接触性皮炎发病率都很高。对于女性，美发师、生物科学家和实验室工作人员、护士以及餐饮行业工作人员的发病率很高。接触性皮炎最常见的致病因素是橡胶化学品和材料（皮肤科医生报告病例的14.1%）、肥皂和清洁剂（12.7%）、镍（11.9%）、湿作业（11.1%）、个人防护装备（6.2%）、石油产品（6.3%）、切削油和冷却液（5.6%）以及环氧树脂和其他树脂（6.1%）。在1608例估计的皮肤癌病例中，除4%外均归因于紫外线辐射。归因于乳胶的接触性荨麻疹病例在1996年达到峰值，自那时起病例数有所下降。
