Miller B J, Georges-Labouesse E, Primakoff P, Myles D G
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
J Cell Biol. 2000 Jun 12;149(6):1289-96. doi: 10.1083/jcb.149.6.1289.
Previous results, based on inhibition of fertilization by an anti-alpha6 integrin mAb (GoH3), suggest that the alpha6beta1 integrin on mouse eggs functions as the receptor for sperm (Almeida, E.A., A.P. Huovila, A.E. Sutherland, L.E. Stephens, P.G. Calarco, L. M. Shaw, A.M. Mercurio, A. Sonnenberg, P. Primakoff, D.G. Myles, and J.M. White. 1995. Cell. 81:1095-1104). Because the egg surface tetraspanin CD9 is essential for gamete fusion (Kaji, K., S. Oda, T. Shikano, T. Ohnuki, Y. Uematsu, J. Sakagami, N. Tada, S. Miyazaki, and A. Kudo. 2000. Nat. Genet. 24:279-282; Le Naour, F., E. Rubinstein, C. Jasmin, M. Prenant, and C. Boucheix. 2000. Science. 287:319-321; Miyado, K., G. Yamada, S. Yamada, H. Hasuwa, Y. Nakamura, F. Ryu, K. Suzuki, K. Kosai, K. Inoue, A. Ogura, M. Okabe, and E. Mekada. 2000. Science. 287:321-324) and CD9 is known to associate with integrins, recent models of gamete fusion have posited that egg CD9 acts in association with alpha6beta1 in fusion (Chen, M.S., K.S. Tung, S.A. Coonrod, Y. Takahashi, D. Bigler, A. Chang, Y. Yamashita, P.W. Kincade, J.C. Herr, and J.M. White. 1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:11830-11835; Kaji, K., S. Oda, T. Shikano, T. Ohnuki, Y. Uematsu, J. Sakagami, N. Tada, S. Miyazaki, and A. Kudo. 2000. Nat. Genet. 24:279-282; Le Naour, F., E. Rubinstein, C. Jasmin, M. Prenant, and C. Boucheix. 2000. Science. 287:319-321; Miyado, K., G. Yamada, S. Yamada, H. Hasuwa, Y. Nakamura, F. Ryu, K. Su- zuki, K. Kosai, K. Inoue, A. Ogura, M. Okabe, and E. Mekada. 2000. Science. 287:321-324). Using eggs from cultured ovaries of mice lacking the alpha6 integrin subunit, we found that the fertilization rate, fertilization index, and sperm binding were not impaired compared with wild-type or heterozygous controls. Furthermore, a reexamination of antibody inhibition, using an assay that better simulates in vivo fertilization conditions, revealed no inhibition of fusion by the GoH3 mAb. We also found that an anti-CD9 mAb completely blocks sperm fusion with either wild-type eggs or eggs lacking alpha6beta1. Based on these results, we conclude that the alpha6beta1 integrin is not essential for sperm-egg fusion, and we suggest a new model in which CD9 acts by itself, or interacts with egg protein(s) other than alpha6beta1, to function in sperm-egg fusion.
以往基于抗α6整合素单克隆抗体(GoH3)抑制受精的研究结果表明,小鼠卵子上的α6β1整合素作为精子的受体发挥作用(阿尔梅达,E.A.,A.P. 霍维拉,A.E. 萨瑟兰,L.E. 斯蒂芬斯,P.G. 卡拉尔科,L.M. 肖,A.M. 默库里奥,A. 索南伯格,P. 普里马科夫,D.G. 迈尔斯,以及J.M. 怀特。1995年。《细胞》。81卷:1095 - 1104页)。由于卵子表面的四跨膜蛋白CD9对配子融合至关重要(梶治,K.,小田,S.,鹿野,T.,大贯,T.,上松,Y.,坂上,J.,多田,N.,宫崎,S.,以及工藤,A.。2000年。《自然遗传学》。24卷:279 - 282页;勒瑙尔,F.,E. 鲁宾斯坦,C. 贾斯敏,M. 普雷南,以及C. 布谢克斯。2000年。《科学》。287卷:319 - 321页;宫户,K.,山田,G.,山田,S.,羽泽,H.,中村,Y.,龙,F.,铃木,K.,小佐井,K.,井上,K.,小仓,A.,冈部,M.,以及目田,E.。2000年。《科学》。287卷:321 - 324页),且已知CD9与整合素相关联,因此最近的配子融合模型假定卵子CD9在融合过程中与α6β1协同发挥作用(陈,M.S.,K.S. 董,S.A. 孔罗德,高桥,Y.,比格勒,D.,张,A.,山下,Y.,P.W. 金卡德,J.C. 赫尔,以及J.M.’怀特。1999年。《美国国家科学院院刊》。96卷:11830 - 11835页;梶治,K.,小田,S.,鹿野,T.,大贯,T.,上松,Y.,坂上,J.,多田,N.,宫崎,S.,以及工藤,A.。2000年。《自然遗传学》。24卷:279 - 282页;勒瑙尔,F.,E. 鲁宾斯坦,C. 贾斯敏,M. 普雷南,以及C. 布谢克斯。2000年。《科学》。287卷:319 - 321页;宫户,K.,山田;G.,山田,S.,羽泽,H.,中村,Y.,龙,F.,铃木,K.,小佐井,K.,井上,K.,小仓,A.,冈部,M.,以及目田,E.。2000年。《科学》。287卷:321 - 324页)。利用缺乏α6整合素亚基的小鼠培养卵巢中的卵子,我们发现与野生型或杂合子对照相比,受精率、受精指数和精子结合均未受损。此外,使用一种能更好模拟体内受精条件的检测方法对抗体抑制作用进行重新检测,结果显示GoH3单克隆抗体未抑制融合。我们还发现抗CD9单克隆抗体完全阻断了精子与野生型卵子或缺乏α6β1的卵子的融合。基于这些结果我们得出结论,α6β1整合素对精卵融合并非必不可少,并且我们提出了一个新模型,即CD9自身发挥作用或与α6β1以外的卵子蛋白相互作用,在精卵融合中发挥功能。