Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.
Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2021 May;246(9):1121-1138. doi: 10.1177/1535370220981855. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
In the present minireview, we intend to provide a brief history of the field of CD9 involvement in oncogenesis and in the metastatic process of cancer, considering its potential value as a tumor-associated antigenic target. Over the years, CD9 has been identified as a favorable prognostic marker or predictor of metastatic potential depending on the cancer type. To understand its implications in cancer beside its use as an antigenic biomarker, it is essential to know its physiological functions, including its molecular partners in a given cell system. Moreover, the discovery that CD9 is one of the most specific and broadly expressed markers of extracellular membrane vesicles, nanometer-sized entities that are released into extracellular space and various physiological body fluids and play a role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions, notably the establishment of cancer metastases, has added a new dimension to our knowledge of CD9 function in cancer. Here, we will discuss these issues as well as the possible cancer therapeutic implications of CD9, their limitations, and pitfalls.
在本次迷你综述中，我们旨在简要回顾 CD9 参与肿瘤发生和癌症转移过程的历史，同时考虑其作为肿瘤相关抗原靶标的潜在价值。多年来，CD9 已被确定为一种有利的预后标志物或转移性潜能的预测因子，具体取决于癌症类型。为了了解其在癌症中的意义及其作为抗原生物标志物的用途，了解其生理功能，包括其在特定细胞系统中的分子伴侣，是至关重要的。此外，发现 CD9 是最特异和广泛表达的细胞外膜小泡标志物之一，这些小泡纳米级实体被释放到细胞外空间和各种生理体液中，并在生理和病理条件下的细胞间通讯中发挥作用，特别是在建立癌症转移方面，这为我们了解 CD9 在癌症中的功能增添了新的维度。在这里，我们将讨论这些问题以及 CD9 在癌症治疗方面的潜在意义、其局限性和陷阱。
